Policies and Strategies<strong>Energy</strong> Efficiency and Conservation5. Disseminate information on energy efficiency and conservation toconsumers.6. Provide for incentives and penalties to reduce high losses in generation,transmission and distribution systems.7. Provide appropriate fiscal and other incentives to enhance uptake ofenergy optimisation technologies.8. Review energy intensity in all sectors and international best practices soas to enable process improvement.9. Establish an energy efficiency and conservation agency as a fully-fledgednational public entity.10. Introduce the concept of green design in buildings. This includes solarwater heating, natural lighting, ventilation, and open office design amongothers.11. Promote development of standards and codes of practice on energyefficiency and conservation.12. Develop and enforce standards for fuel economy through speed limits,efficiency of motor vehicle engines as well as adopting good driving andmaintenance practices.13. Promote mass transportation of passengers and cargo so as to encourageeconomies of scale and the attendant fuel efficiency.<strong>14</strong>. Promote the introduction of new and efficient technologies such as hybridengines, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG),fuel cell and electric vehicles through demonstration, research andtraining.15. Prepare a <strong>National</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> Efficiency and Conservation Plan inconsultation with relevant stakeholders.16. Promote efficiency in oil refining in line with modern practices whichminimize wastage and encourage heat recovery.17. Promote efficiency and improvement in conservation, generation,transmission distribution and consumption of energy including incentivesto encourage assembly and manufacture of energy efficient equipment.Implementation PlanShort Term Medium Term Long Term20<strong>14</strong>-2017 20<strong>14</strong>-2022 20<strong>14</strong>-2030 94 NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY FINAL DRAFT NOVEMBER <strong>2013</strong>
6.0 – LAND, ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND SAFETY6.1 BACKGROUND1. Land is a critical resource in the development of energy infrastructure. However, due tocompeting interest in land utilization, the sector faces challenges in developing its infrastructure.2. Environmental Management in the energy sector is key to ensuring sustainability in the energychain. <strong>Energy</strong> production, transportation and use pose various dangers to human life and theenvironment. The challenge for players in energy sector is the provision of affordable, reliableand sustainable energy whilst upholding people’s rights to land, environment, health and safety.3. The Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act, No. 8 of 1999 (EMCA, 1999) is theumbrella legal framework in respect to environmental management in Kenya. Its implementingagency is the <strong>National</strong> Environmental Management Authority (NEMA). It recognises a “LeadAgency” as any Government institution in which any law vests functions of control ormanagement of any element of the environment or natural resource. Lead Agencies thereforeplay an important role in enforcing compliance with laws and regulations.4. The <strong>Energy</strong> Regulatory Commission is a key “Lead Agency” in the energy sector, drawing itspowers from the <strong>Energy</strong> Act No. 12 of 2006 to “… formulate, enforce and review environmental,health, safety and quality standards for the energy sector, in coordination with other statutoryauthorities”. The Act also requires that while reviewing applications for licences in the energysector, NERC to consider, among others, the environmental and social impacts, and compliancewith EMCA 1999.5. Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations require that mitigating measures be put in placeto minimise the adverse impact of energy projects. Comprehensive environmental impactassessments are conducted for all projects prior to their implementation to ascertain the level ofpotential environmental damage, the required mitigation measures and associated costs.6. Other authorities that have regulatory mandate in the energy sector in terms of environment,health and safety are the Directorate of Occupational Safety and Health Services (DOSHS)under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 2007, Water Resources Management Authority(WRMA) under the Water Act of 2002 and the Kenya Maritime Authority (KMA) under theMerchant Shipping Act & Kenya Maritime Authority Act of 2006.7. Vision 2030 acknowledges that land is a vital factor of production in the economy together withits aesthetic, cultural and traditional values. Some key initiatives envisioned to addressenvironmental problems which relate to the energy sector are:(a)(b)(c)(d)Sustainable management of natural resources.Pollution and waste management.Disaster risk management.Use of incentives for environmental compliance.95 6.0 – LAND, ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND SAFETY
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