National Energy Policy - Final Draft - 14 Nov 2013

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6. Lack of clear registration and regulation guidelines for biogas installation contractors.3.6.3 Policies and Strategies and Implementation Plan - BiogasPolicies and StrategiesBiogasShort Term2014-20171. Create awareness on the benefits and potential of biogas technology. Implementation PlanMedium Term2014-2022Long Term2014-20302. Promote RD&D of biogas energy technologies through the NationalEnergy Institute, other learning institutions and other entities.3. Provide appropriate fiscal incentives for local manufacture as well asimportation of biogas plant and equipment.4. National and County Governments to initiate capacity buildingprogrammes in institutions such village polytechnics on biogasinstallation, operation and maintenance skills.5. Develop guidelines for registration and regulation of biogas contractorsand technicians.6. Promote domestic and community based biogas plants to cater for theurban poor.7. Promote large scale production, piping and storage of biogas. 8. Use public barazas, ASK trade fairs, workshops, seminars and energycentres to demonstrate and disseminate information on the importanceand viability of growing bio-fuel feedstock among the public.9. Promote the use of biogas as an alternative to woodfuel and kerosenefor domestic and commercial energy needs.10. Develop training programmes for biogas technologies in collaborationwith relevant training institutions and through the energy centres.11. Undertake a comprehensive study on the viability of bottling biogas forrural development.12. The Government to facilitate the construction of at least 5,000 biodigestersby 2017, at least 6,500 by 2022 and 10,000 by 2030 in Kenyaunder the “Biogas for Better Life” programme. 13. Roll out biogas initiatives to supply the remaining public institutionsincluding prisons, schools and hospitals as well as biogas bottling plantsacross the country3.7 SOLAR ENERGY3.7.1 Background1. Solar energy can be used for lighting, heating, drying and generating electricity. Kenya’sgeographical location astride the equator gives it unique opportunity for a vibrant solar energymarket. The country receives good solar insolation all year round coupled with moderate to58 NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY FINAL DRAFT NOVEMBER 2013
high temperatures estimated at 4-6 kWh/m²/day. Solar energy is widely used for drying coffee,cereals, vegetables, fish, hides and skins; for water heating; and for electricity generation usingphotovoltaic systems.2. Solar water heating systems are mainly used in homes, hotels, hospitals and learninginstitutions. The demand for solar water heating (SWH) is projected to grow to more than800,000 SWH units by 2020 equivalent to 300,000 TOE. This represents a growth rate of 20%per annum. This demand will mainly be from domestic, institutional and small commercialconsumers spurred by the operationalization of the Energy (Solar Water Heating) Regulations,2012.3. Kenya is well known for a large-scale market-driven penetration of small PV systems withcapacity of 12 – 50 watts power (Wp) consisting of low cost amorphous silicon modules andboth mono- and polycrystalline silicon modules. It is projected that by 2020, the installedcapacity of solar photovoltaic systems will reach 10MWe generating 22 GWh annually.4. The Government initiated a programme for electrification of institutions far from grid using solarPV systems. As at 2012 solar PV systems had been installed in 945 institutions includingprimary and secondary schools, dispensaries, health and administrative centres.5. The Government has also embarked on a programme to provide solar/diesel and solar / windhybrid generation capacity to off-grid stations including the following:(a) 60 kW solar / diesel at Lodwar.(b) 30 kW solar / wind at Habaswein.(c) 10 kW solar / diesel at Merti in Isiolo.(d) 60 kW solar / diesel at Hola.(e) 50 kW solar / diesel at El Wak in Wajir.6. As at 2012 the following eleven diesel plants were being converted to hybrid stations:(a) 9 x 230 kVA at Laisamis, North Horr, Eldas (Wajir), Takaba (Mandera), Rhamu (Mandera),Hulugho, Kiunga (Lamu), Lokichogio, Lokitaung, and Lokori (Turkana).(b) 450 kVA at Faza Island.(c) 800 kVA at Lokichogio.3.7.2 Challenges1. Disjointed approach in policy implementation and promotion of solar energy projects in thecountry.2. The percentage of solar energy harnessed for commercial and domestic applications isinsignificant relative to the potential.3. Prohibitive costs of solar home systems despite favourable fiscal incentives and arising fromlack of appropriate credit and financing mechanisms.59 3.0 – RENEWABLE ENERGY
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NOVEMBER 2013 DRAFTREPUBLIC OF KENY
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2.4.4.1 Challenges in Coal explorat
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4.5.5 Policies and Strategies and I
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Table 10.1 Energy Generation Potent
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FOREWORD BY THE CABINET SECRETARY F
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This policy doc
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14. To enhance exploitation of the
Page 15 and 16: 24. The Government shall establish
Page 17 and 18: 1.0 - INTRODUCTION1.1 THE ROLE OF E
Page 19 and 20: (k) Promote appropriate standards,
Page 21 and 22: (e) The Weights and Measures Act, C
Page 23 and 24: fund, mobilizing resources for rura
Page 25 and 26: 2.0 - FOSSIL FUELS2.1 BACKGROUND1.
Page 27 and 28: immense value through acquisition o
Page 29 and 30: and averaging at more than US$110 p
Page 31 and 32: town of Mombasa, through Nairobi to
Page 33 and 34: 3. The prices in Kenya as published
Page 35 and 36: 6. It is hoped that the discovery o
Page 37 and 38: (c) High sulphur levels have advers
Page 39 and 40: Policies and StrategiesPetroleum Ex
Page 41 and 42: Policies and StrategiesPetroleum Su
Page 43 and 44: plants has several advantages over
Page 45 and 46: Natural GasShort Term2014-2017Mediu
Page 47 and 48: 3. The introduction of clean coal t
Page 49 and 50: 6. Lack of a special purpose vehicl
Page 51 and 52: Policies and StrategiesFossil Fuels
Page 53 and 54: 4. Geothermal power plants use stea
Page 55 and 56: about 1,450MW remains unexploited.
Page 57 and 58: 8. Ownership of physical dam reserv
Page 59 and 60: (d) Competing interests between dev
Page 61 and 62: 3.4.2 Challenges1. Unsustainable us
Page 63 and 64: 4. Land will need to be set aside f
Page 65: Limited in Kilifi County generates
Page 69 and 70: Policies and StrategiesSolar Energy
Page 71 and 72: 3. Inadequate wind regime data.4. L
Page 73 and 74: through co-generation and bioethano
Page 75 and 76: (d) 1 sea wave energy projects with
Page 77 and 78: 3.12.3 Policies and Strategies and
Page 79 and 80: 4.0 - ELECTRICITY4.1 BACKGROUND1. E
Page 81 and 82: 2. It is estimated that as at 2013,
Page 83 and 84: Figure 4.2 - Evolution of the Energ
Page 85 and 86: (e) Thermal power plants have a rel
Page 87 and 88: 6. Nuclear fuel can be recycled and
Page 89 and 90: Policies and StrategiesNuclear Elec
Page 91 and 92: Table 4.5 - Planned Regional Inter-
Page 93 and 94: to this worsening situation leading
Page 95 and 96: 4.5.5 Policies and Strategies and I
Page 97 and 98: Policies and StrategiesRural Electr
Page 99 and 100: Policies and StrategiesElectricity
Page 101 and 102: 7. The energy policy and the Energy
Page 103 and 104: 6.0 - LAND, ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND
Page 105 and 106: 6.2.3 Renewable Energy1. Generally,
Page 107 and 108: causes indoor air pollution leading
Page 109 and 110: 6.5 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND MITIG
Page 111 and 112: from the licensee.Policies and Stra
Page 113 and 114: Policies and StrategiesEnvironment,
Page 115 and 116: 6.7.4.4 Nuclear ElectricityPolicies
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of the risk levels.Policies and Str
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6 It is a further requirement under
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Policies and StrategiesAccess to En
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Kenya.Policies and StrategiesEnergy
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15. Seek financing of clean energy
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Figure 8.1 - Pass-Through Costs in
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Table 8.1 - Energy Tariffs and Cost
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Policies and StrategiesEnergy Prici
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Policies and StrategiesCross Cuttin
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3. In 2009, ERC established a commi
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9.3.3 Policies and Strategies and I
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9.7 ENERGY RESOURCES BENEFITS SHARI
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10.0 - ANNEXURESAnnex 10.1 The PSC
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Table 10.3 Nuclear electricity gene
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Table 10.4 Summary of the Energy St
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County Population Area (km 2 ) Foss
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ACRONYMS AND GLOSSARY OF TERMS1. AC
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RD&DREAREPRMSSMRsSAPPToEVATWpResear
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Reticulation means the network used
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National Energy Policy - Final Draft - 14 Nov 2013

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