National Energy Policy - Final Draft - 14 Nov 2013

Recommendations

Info

epresenting Kenya’s major drainage basins: Lake Victoria (295MW), Rift Valley (345MW), AthiRiver (84MW), Tana River (800MW) and Ewaso Ng’iro North River (146MW).2. By December 2011, a feasibility study for a multi-purpose hydropower project on Tana Riverafter Kiambere hydropower plant (HPP), High Grand Falls Power Project, revealed a capacity of700MW of power together with water storage capacity of 6million cubic metres. A further studyin the same area also showed potential for 100MW at the Karura HPP.3. In order to increase generation capacity, the Government has upgraded some of the existinghydro power plants. These upgrades include Tana, Kiambere and Kindaruma adding a total of72MW in the system.4. Feasibility studies have also been carried out for three projects on Ewaso Ng’iro South River inthe Rift Valley basin with a total capacity of 220MW. In the North Rift Valley basin, a feasibilitystudy for a high head hydropower plant (Arror HPP) was completed in 2011 and revealed apotential of about 70MW.5. Small hydros are hydropower schemes whose potential does not exceed 10MW of installedcapacity. The total estimated potential of small, mini, micro and pico hydro systems is3,000MW. Most of this potential is situated within the country’s five main drainage basins. Theimplementation of some of these schemes is undertaken by both the Government and privateinvestors. As of 2013 Government run schemes were a total of 15MW while those by privatedevelopers were 10MW.3.3.1.2 Challenges1. Hydropower is vulnerable to variations in hydrology and climate. This is a big challenge as poorrains results in power and energy shortfalls, reducing the contribution of hydro power in theenergy mix. However, during the rain season the water is lost due to inadequate storagecapacity in the existing Masinga reservoir. This loss is about 100 GWh per year in powergeneration and also flooding and associated hardship downstream.2. The economic risk in hydropower projects is relatively higher than other modes of electricitygeneration because they are capital intensive and wholly dependent on hydrology.3. A major challenge for hydro power projects is relocation and resettlement of affected persons.This is key among reasons why the Magwagwa hydro project on river Kipsonoi in Kericho, adensely populated area, has not been implemented to date. This project would have greatlyimproved the performance of the 60MW Sondu Miriu and 21MW Sangoro HPPs.4. Long lead time of between 7-10 years.5. Inadequate hydrological data throughout the East African region that does not capture qualitynor cover required periods of at least 50 years.6. Water charges that have an effect of increasing the cost of hydro generated electricity.7. Conflicting and competing land and water uses between various sub-sectors of the economywith regard to development and utilization of the same for electricity generation.48 NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY FINAL DRAFT NOVEMBER 2013
8. Ownership of physical dam reservoirs which have stifled redevelopment.9. Competing interests in the management of hydropower generating infrastructure leading todelays in implementation of viable energy projects e.g. raising of the Masinga dam. This delayhas resulted in lost opportunity to generate additional 100 GWh per year.3.3.1.3 Policies and Strategies and Implementation Plan – Large HydroPolicies and StrategiesLarge Hydro1. Develop a hydro risk mitigation to address risks such as prolongeddroughts so as to cushion generators, transmitters, distributors andconsumers against effects of adverse hydrology.Short Term2014-2017Implementation PlanMedium Term2014-2022Long Term2014-20302. Address competing interests in the use of water resources forhydropower generation and other purposes.3. Establish an inter-ministerial committee comprising of relevantstakeholders to advise policy direction on ownership and managementof dams.4. Energy conservation will be promoted in the hydropower plants byenvironmental conservation of catchment areas that will further stop soilerosion that results in siltation of dams. The hydro generator shall beresponsible for funding of the initiative.5. The Government shall implement hydro power projects as multipurposeprojects. Consideration will also be given to leasing of suchprojects for operation through long-term concessions.6. The private sector will be encouraged through Feed-in-Tariff to developpotential sites to generate electricity for their own consumption and forexport of any surplus to the national grid. Government will provideletters of comfort to investors which guarantee purchase of electricalenergy on just and reasonable terms.7. To provide necessary support for raising of Masinga dam, developmentof High Grand Falls (700MW) and other viable hydropower projects.8. Undertake pre-investment studies on hydro resources to define theirtechnical and economic viability.3.3.2 Small Hydros3.3.2.1 Background1. Of the more than 3,000MW small hydro potential, only about 30MW has been developed. Withthe introduction of the Feed-in-Tariff (FiT) policy in 2008 small-scale candidate sites areexpected to be developed to supply villages, small businesses or farms, as well as grid supply.2. The Ministry of Energy and Petroleum has carried out feasibility studies for small hydros in teagrowing areas covering twelve sites with an estimated combined potential generation capacity49 3.0 – RENEWABLE ENERGY
Page 1 and 2:
NOVEMBER 2013 DRAFTREPUBLIC OF KENY
Page 3 and 4:
2.4.4.1 Challenges in Coal explorat
Page 5 and 6: 4.5.5 Policies and Strategies and I
Page 7 and 8: Table 10.1 Energy Generation Potent
Page 9 and 10: FOREWORD BY THE CABINET SECRETARY F
Page 11 and 12: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This policy doc
Page 13 and 14: 14. To enhance exploitation of the
Page 15 and 16: 24. The Government shall establish
Page 17 and 18: 1.0 - INTRODUCTION1.1 THE ROLE OF E
Page 19 and 20: (k) Promote appropriate standards,
Page 21 and 22: (e) The Weights and Measures Act, C
Page 23 and 24: fund, mobilizing resources for rura
Page 25 and 26: 2.0 - FOSSIL FUELS2.1 BACKGROUND1.
Page 27 and 28: immense value through acquisition o
Page 29 and 30: and averaging at more than US$110 p
Page 31 and 32: town of Mombasa, through Nairobi to
Page 33 and 34: 3. The prices in Kenya as published
Page 35 and 36: 6. It is hoped that the discovery o
Page 37 and 38: (c) High sulphur levels have advers
Page 39 and 40: Policies and StrategiesPetroleum Ex
Page 41 and 42: Policies and StrategiesPetroleum Su
Page 43 and 44: plants has several advantages over
Page 45 and 46: Natural GasShort Term2014-2017Mediu
Page 47 and 48: 3. The introduction of clean coal t
Page 49 and 50: 6. Lack of a special purpose vehicl
Page 51 and 52: Policies and StrategiesFossil Fuels
Page 53 and 54: 4. Geothermal power plants use stea
Page 55: about 1,450MW remains unexploited.
Page 59 and 60: (d) Competing interests between dev
Page 61 and 62: 3.4.2 Challenges1. Unsustainable us
Page 63 and 64: 4. Land will need to be set aside f
Page 65 and 66: Limited in Kilifi County generates
Page 67 and 68: high temperatures estimated at 4-6
Page 69 and 70: Policies and StrategiesSolar Energy
Page 71 and 72: 3. Inadequate wind regime data.4. L
Page 73 and 74: through co-generation and bioethano
Page 75 and 76: (d) 1 sea wave energy projects with
Page 77 and 78: 3.12.3 Policies and Strategies and
Page 79 and 80: 4.0 - ELECTRICITY4.1 BACKGROUND1. E
Page 81 and 82: 2. It is estimated that as at 2013,
Page 83 and 84: Figure 4.2 - Evolution of the Energ
Page 85 and 86: (e) Thermal power plants have a rel
Page 87 and 88: 6. Nuclear fuel can be recycled and
Page 89 and 90: Policies and StrategiesNuclear Elec
Page 91 and 92: Table 4.5 - Planned Regional Inter-
Page 93 and 94: to this worsening situation leading
Page 95 and 96: 4.5.5 Policies and Strategies and I
Page 97 and 98: Policies and StrategiesRural Electr
Page 99 and 100: Policies and StrategiesElectricity
Page 101 and 102: 7. The energy policy and the Energy
Page 103 and 104: 6.0 - LAND, ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND
Page 105 and 106: 6.2.3 Renewable Energy1. Generally,
Page 107 and 108:
causes indoor air pollution leading
Page 109 and 110:
6.5 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND MITIG
Page 111 and 112:
from the licensee.Policies and Stra
Page 113 and 114:
Policies and StrategiesEnvironment,
Page 115 and 116:
6.7.4.4 Nuclear ElectricityPolicies
Page 117 and 118:
of the risk levels.Policies and Str
Page 119 and 120:
6 It is a further requirement under
Page 121 and 122:
Policies and StrategiesAccess to En
Page 123 and 124:
Kenya.Policies and StrategiesEnergy
Page 125 and 126:
15. Seek financing of clean energy
Page 127 and 128:
Figure 8.1 - Pass-Through Costs in
Page 129 and 130:
Table 8.1 - Energy Tariffs and Cost
Page 131 and 132:
Policies and StrategiesEnergy Prici
Page 133 and 134:
Policies and StrategiesCross Cuttin
Page 135 and 136:
3. In 2009, ERC established a commi
Page 137 and 138:
9.3.3 Policies and Strategies and I
Page 139 and 140:
9.7 ENERGY RESOURCES BENEFITS SHARI
Page 141 and 142:
10.0 - ANNEXURESAnnex 10.1 The PSC
Page 143:
Table 10.3 Nuclear electricity gene
Page 146 and 147:
Table 10.4 Summary of the Energy St
Page 148 and 149:
County Population Area (km 2 ) Foss
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
ACRONYMS AND GLOSSARY OF TERMS1. AC
Page 156 and 157:
RD&DREAREPRMSSMRsSAPPToEVATWpResear
Page 158:
Reticulation means the network used
show all

National Energy Policy - Final Draft - 14 Nov 2013

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?