National Energy Policy - Final Draft - 14 Nov 2013

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Policies and StrategiesGeothermal Energyblocks with incentives and sanctions in order to accelerate geothermaldevelopment.5. Promote and encourage direct uses of geothermal resources such asutilization of heat, water, gases and minerals.6. Utilize the best available technologies that optimise the resource andconserve the reservoir such as binary generation and bottoming cycles.7. The developer of a geothermal field shall guarantee geothermal steamsupply for the contract term of the plant.8. Promote early geothermal generation through implementation of efficientmodular geothermal wellhead technologies.9. Undertake further geothermal resource assessments to determineadditional economically viable geothermal resources.10. Increase Government allocation of funds for the geothermal programmeand support GDC in sourcing more funds.Short Term2014-2017Implementation PlanMedium Term2014-2022Long Term2014-20303.3 HYDRO ENERGY1. Hydropower is electricity generated using the energy of moving water. Rain or melted snow,usually originating in hills and mountains, create streams and rivers that eventually run to lakes,seas or oceans. This energy has been exploited for centuries. In the late 19th century,hydropower became a source for generating electricity.2. A typical hydro plant is a system with three parts: an electric plant where the electricity isproduced; a dam that can be opened or closed to control water flow; and a reservoir wherewater can be stored. The amount of electricity that can be generated depends on how far thewater drops and how much water moves through the system.3. Hydropower is also readily available; engineers can control the flow of water through theturbines to produce electricity on demand. In addition, reservoirs may offer recreationalopportunities, such as swimming and boating. But damming rivers may destroy or disruptwildlife and other natural resources.4. Hydropower is, to date, the most successful form of renewable energy. The amount of electricalenergy generated depends upon the quantity of available water. Adverse hydrology can have adevastating effect on an economy that is heavily dependent on hydropower such as Kenya atpresent.5. Kenya has an estimated hydropower potential of about 6,000MW comprising of large hydros(sites with capacity of more than 10MW) and small hydros. Of the large hydros, 807MW hasbeen exploited and accounts for about 50% of installed generation capacity as at 2013 while46 NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY FINAL DRAFT NOVEMBER 2013
about 1,450MW remains unexploited. Potential for small hydros is over 3,000MW, of which lessthan 25MW has been developed.6. There are five major water towers in Kenya, namely: Mt Kenya, Aberdare Ranges, MauComplex, the Cherangani Hills and Mt. Elgon as depicted in Figure 3.2 below. These watertowers give rise to five drainage basins which are critical to the country’s socio economic wellbeing. The major drainage basins are those of Tana River and Lake Victoria.Figure 3.2 - The 5 Water Towers and Drainage Basins3.3.1 Large Hydros3.3.1.1 Background1. As of June, 2013 the installed capacity of hydropower generation was 807MW equivalent to49% of total installed capacity. It is estimated that the undeveloped hydroelectric powerpotential of economic significance is 1,449MW out of which 1,249MW is for projects of above30MW. Average energy production from these potential projects is estimated to be at least5,605 GWh per annum. This hydropower potential is located in five geographical regions,47 3.0 – RENEWABLE ENERGY
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NOVEMBER 2013 DRAFTREPUBLIC OF KENY
Page 3 and 4: 2.4.4.1 Challenges in Coal explorat
Page 5 and 6: 4.5.5 Policies and Strategies and I
Page 7 and 8: Table 10.1 Energy Generation Potent
Page 9 and 10: FOREWORD BY THE CABINET SECRETARY F
Page 11 and 12: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This policy doc
Page 13 and 14: 14. To enhance exploitation of the
Page 15 and 16: 24. The Government shall establish
Page 17 and 18: 1.0 - INTRODUCTION1.1 THE ROLE OF E
Page 19 and 20: (k) Promote appropriate standards,
Page 21 and 22: (e) The Weights and Measures Act, C
Page 23 and 24: fund, mobilizing resources for rura
Page 25 and 26: 2.0 - FOSSIL FUELS2.1 BACKGROUND1.
Page 27 and 28: immense value through acquisition o
Page 29 and 30: and averaging at more than US$110 p
Page 31 and 32: town of Mombasa, through Nairobi to
Page 33 and 34: 3. The prices in Kenya as published
Page 35 and 36: 6. It is hoped that the discovery o
Page 37 and 38: (c) High sulphur levels have advers
Page 39 and 40: Policies and StrategiesPetroleum Ex
Page 41 and 42: Policies and StrategiesPetroleum Su
Page 43 and 44: plants has several advantages over
Page 45 and 46: Natural GasShort Term2014-2017Mediu
Page 47 and 48: 3. The introduction of clean coal t
Page 49 and 50: 6. Lack of a special purpose vehicl
Page 51 and 52: Policies and StrategiesFossil Fuels
Page 53: 4. Geothermal power plants use stea
Page 57 and 58: 8. Ownership of physical dam reserv
Page 59 and 60: (d) Competing interests between dev
Page 61 and 62: 3.4.2 Challenges1. Unsustainable us
Page 63 and 64: 4. Land will need to be set aside f
Page 65 and 66: Limited in Kilifi County generates
Page 67 and 68: high temperatures estimated at 4-6
Page 69 and 70: Policies and StrategiesSolar Energy
Page 71 and 72: 3. Inadequate wind regime data.4. L
Page 73 and 74: through co-generation and bioethano
Page 75 and 76: (d) 1 sea wave energy projects with
Page 77 and 78: 3.12.3 Policies and Strategies and
Page 79 and 80: 4.0 - ELECTRICITY4.1 BACKGROUND1. E
Page 81 and 82: 2. It is estimated that as at 2013,
Page 83 and 84: Figure 4.2 - Evolution of the Energ
Page 85 and 86: (e) Thermal power plants have a rel
Page 87 and 88: 6. Nuclear fuel can be recycled and
Page 89 and 90: Policies and StrategiesNuclear Elec
Page 91 and 92: Table 4.5 - Planned Regional Inter-
Page 93 and 94: to this worsening situation leading
Page 95 and 96: 4.5.5 Policies and Strategies and I
Page 97 and 98: Policies and StrategiesRural Electr
Page 99 and 100: Policies and StrategiesElectricity
Page 101 and 102: 7. The energy policy and the Energy
Page 103 and 104: 6.0 - LAND, ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND
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6.2.3 Renewable Energy1. Generally,
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causes indoor air pollution leading
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6.5 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND MITIG
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from the licensee.Policies and Stra
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Policies and StrategiesEnvironment,
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6.7.4.4 Nuclear ElectricityPolicies
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of the risk levels.Policies and Str
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6 It is a further requirement under
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Policies and StrategiesAccess to En
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Kenya.Policies and StrategiesEnergy
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15. Seek financing of clean energy
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Figure 8.1 - Pass-Through Costs in
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Table 8.1 - Energy Tariffs and Cost
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Policies and StrategiesEnergy Prici
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Policies and StrategiesCross Cuttin
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3. In 2009, ERC established a commi
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9.3.3 Policies and Strategies and I
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9.7 ENERGY RESOURCES BENEFITS SHARI
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10.0 - ANNEXURESAnnex 10.1 The PSC
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Table 10.3 Nuclear electricity gene
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Table 10.4 Summary of the Energy St
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County Population Area (km 2 ) Foss
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ACRONYMS AND GLOSSARY OF TERMS1. AC
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RD&DREAREPRMSSMRsSAPPToEVATWpResear
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Reticulation means the network used
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National Energy Policy - Final Draft - 14 Nov 2013

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