National Energy Policy - Final Draft - 14 Nov 2013

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(f) Open up off-grid areas in order to ease connectivity to electricity by constructingtransmission lines to link them up to the national grid.2. The rise in electricity consumption requires a corresponding increase in generation capacity andtransmission network. Consequently, the number of transmission lines projected forconstruction in the next 5 years needs to be substantial to meet this need.3. Through the LCPDP process and feasibility studies, KETRACO has identified priority projectsfor implementation totalling about 6,000 km of transmission lines comprising 1,400 km of 132kV, 2700 km of 220 kV and 1250 km of 400 kV AC lines as well as 650 km of 500 kV HVDC linebetween 2011 and 2014. It is projected that by 2031 KETRACO will have constructed 16,000km of transmission lines.4.4.3 Regional Interconnection4.4.3.1 Imports and Exports1. The Kenyan transmission network is interconnected with Uganda’s system through a 132 kVdouble circuit transmission line. The arrangement allows for electrical energy exchangebetween the two systems. Kenya also has cross-border agreements with Tanzania.2. Quantities of imports and exports of electrical energy (in kWhs) between Kenya and Uganda aswell as between Kenya and Tanzania are detailed in the table 4.4.Table 4.4 - Imports and Exports of Electrical EnergyYear ended 30 th JuneKenya – Uganda (kWhs)Kenya – Tanzania (kWhs)Imports Exports Imports Exports2005 105,627,168 19,894,364 267,733 n/a2006 14,600,888 23,936,088 443,157 n/a2007 12,684,112 73,479,000 434,946 n/a2008 24,665,248 46,359,936 1,036,864 n/a2009 28,570,508 26,557,446 1,220,868 n/a2010 37,135,529 26,291,418 1,101,026 526,7402011 29,946,605 30,265,350 860,527 838,8002012 35,805,150 41,214,150 1,080,674 1,097,8202013 41,000,000 30,000,000 1,200,000 1,000,0003. Resulting from the ongoing regional integration under the EAPP initiative and the need to buildsynergies in the region in power development, the Government has committed to enter intomutually beneficial regional interconnections with other African countries. As a result, theregional power market is progressively evolving into a power pool with the anticipatedinterconnections with Ethiopia, Tanzania and the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP)countries and strengthening of the interconnection with Uganda. Table 4.5 details plannedregional inter-connectors.82 NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY FINAL DRAFT NOVEMBER 2013
Table 4.5 – Planned Regional Inter-connectorsNo Transmission Line Distance (km) Voltage Capacity (MW) Status1. Lessos (Kenya) –Tororo (Uganda) 127 400 kV 250 In progress2. Eastern Africa Electricity Highway 700 500kV HVDC 2000 In progress3. Kenya – Tanzania 500 400kV 1,300 Detailed Design4.4.3.2 Benefits of Regional Interconnectivity1. Security of supply and system stability due to increased generation mix.2. Increasing national economic efficiency by operating on lower reserve margins.3. Expanded power market sizes and reduced country specific risks.4. Capital saving as the country need not invest in new stations.5. Increases competition by providing options for cheaper power.6. Electricity access to remote areas.7. Shared reserve margin.8. The transmission infrastructure acts as a catalyst for investment in non-conventional renewableenergy sources.4. 4.4 Transmission PlanThe LCPDP includes a section on transmission development plan to be developed for the period2011-2031. In the medium term, it is planned that approximately 5,000 km of new transmissionlines will be constructed at an estimated cost of about US$ 2billion. In the long term the LCPDPprovides for development of an estimated 16,000 km of new lines at an estimated present value costof US$ 4.48 billion.4.4.5 Challenges1. Weak, inadequate and poorly -integrated transmission infrastructure capacity.2. Displacement, environmental, health and safety issues.3. Vandalism on transmission network - Between 2002 and 2008 the direct loss to KPLC fromvandalism of transmission assets was KShs 2.414billion while the economic loss to the countryas a whole was KShs 4.171billion.4. Inadequate local technical skills especially in HVDC systems.5. Land and wayleaves acquisition.6. Encroachment of the way leaves trace.7. Insufficient framework for private participation in development of transmission infrastructure.8. Inadequate policy, legal and institutional framework for the operationalization of the independentsystem operator.83 4.0 – ELECTRICITY
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NOVEMBER 2013 DRAFTREPUBLIC OF KENY
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2.4.4.1 Challenges in Coal explorat
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4.5.5 Policies and Strategies and I
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Table 10.1 Energy Generation Potent
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FOREWORD BY THE CABINET SECRETARY F
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This policy doc
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14. To enhance exploitation of the
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24. The Government shall establish
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1.0 - INTRODUCTION1.1 THE ROLE OF E
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(k) Promote appropriate standards,
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(e) The Weights and Measures Act, C
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fund, mobilizing resources for rura
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2.0 - FOSSIL FUELS2.1 BACKGROUND1.
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immense value through acquisition o
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and averaging at more than US$110 p
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town of Mombasa, through Nairobi to
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3. The prices in Kenya as published
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6. It is hoped that the discovery o
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(c) High sulphur levels have advers
Page 39 and 40: Policies and StrategiesPetroleum Ex
Page 41 and 42: Policies and StrategiesPetroleum Su
Page 43 and 44: plants has several advantages over
Page 45 and 46: Natural GasShort Term2014-2017Mediu
Page 47 and 48: 3. The introduction of clean coal t
Page 49 and 50: 6. Lack of a special purpose vehicl
Page 51 and 52: Policies and StrategiesFossil Fuels
Page 53 and 54: 4. Geothermal power plants use stea
Page 55 and 56: about 1,450MW remains unexploited.
Page 57 and 58: 8. Ownership of physical dam reserv
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Page 61 and 62: 3.4.2 Challenges1. Unsustainable us
Page 63 and 64: 4. Land will need to be set aside f
Page 65 and 66: Limited in Kilifi County generates
Page 67 and 68: high temperatures estimated at 4-6
Page 69 and 70: Policies and StrategiesSolar Energy
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Page 79 and 80: 4.0 - ELECTRICITY4.1 BACKGROUND1. E
Page 81 and 82: 2. It is estimated that as at 2013,
Page 83 and 84: Figure 4.2 - Evolution of the Energ
Page 85 and 86: (e) Thermal power plants have a rel
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Page 89: Policies and StrategiesNuclear Elec
Page 93 and 94: to this worsening situation leading
Page 95 and 96: 4.5.5 Policies and Strategies and I
Page 97 and 98: Policies and StrategiesRural Electr
Page 99 and 100: Policies and StrategiesElectricity
Page 101 and 102: 7. The energy policy and the Energy
Page 103 and 104: 6.0 - LAND, ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND
Page 105 and 106: 6.2.3 Renewable Energy1. Generally,
Page 107 and 108: causes indoor air pollution leading
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Page 111 and 112: from the licensee.Policies and Stra
Page 113 and 114: Policies and StrategiesEnvironment,
Page 115 and 116: 6.7.4.4 Nuclear ElectricityPolicies
Page 117 and 118: of the risk levels.Policies and Str
Page 119 and 120: 6 It is a further requirement under
Page 121 and 122: Policies and StrategiesAccess to En
Page 123 and 124: Kenya.Policies and StrategiesEnergy
Page 125 and 126: 15. Seek financing of clean energy
Page 127 and 128: Figure 8.1 - Pass-Through Costs in
Page 129 and 130: Table 8.1 - Energy Tariffs and Cost
Page 131 and 132: Policies and StrategiesEnergy Prici
Page 133 and 134: Policies and StrategiesCross Cuttin
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10.0 - ANNEXURESAnnex 10.1 The PSC
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Table 10.3 Nuclear electricity gene
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Table 10.4 Summary of the Energy St
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County Population Area (km 2 ) Foss
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ACRONYMS AND GLOSSARY OF TERMS1. AC
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RD&DREAREPRMSSMRsSAPPToEVATWpResear
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Reticulation means the network used
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National Energy Policy - Final Draft - 14 Nov 2013

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