National Energy Policy - Final Draft - 14 Nov 2013

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gas is also considered a biomass source. Biomass resources can be replenished throughcultivation of crops such as fast growing trees and grass.2. Biomass fuels are the most important source of primary energy in Kenya with wood-fuel(firewood and charcoal) accounting for over 68% of the total primary energy consumption. About55% of this is derived from farmlands in the form of woody biomass as well as crop residue andanimal waste and the remaining 45% is derived from forests.3. Studies on biomass energy point to a widening gap between supply and demand for wood-fuel,a challenge that requires dedicated policy interventions to redress. Wood-fuel supply does notmatch demand over various parts of the country (see Figure 3.1 below).4. In spite of past efforts to promote wood fuel substitutes, the number of people relying on woodfuel is not decreasing. Consequently, wood fuel will continue to be the primary source of energyfor the majority of the rural population and urban poor for as long as it takes to transform therural economy from subsistence to a highly productive economy.Figure 3.1 Wood Fuel Supply-Demand BalanceSource: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 20105. Wood fuel supply management is crucial to ensure sustainable supply to meet the growingdemand. Key issues here include: competing land use activities, the growing imbalancebetween supply and demand and the attendant adverse environmental as well as related landand tree tenure issues, among others.6. The Government has promoted Agro forestry and social forestry programmes to increase thestock of woody biomass on farms to make up for the loss of forest trees as forestland isconverted into agricultural and settlement land. This is a multidisciplinary effort involving theMinistries of Energy, Agriculture and Environment and Natural Resources.52 NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY FINAL DRAFT NOVEMBER 2013
3.4.2 Challenges1. Unsustainable use of biomass with attendant negative impacts on the environment, leading toserious climate variability and unpredictability in rainfall patterns.2. Emissions from wood fuel in poorly ventilated houses leading to health hazards among users.3. Lack of appropriate legal and regulatory framework for sustainable production, distribution andmarketing of biomass.4. Insufficient awareness of fast maturing tree growing for fuel as a commercially viable business.5. Inadequate data on biomass production and consumption.6. Disjointed approach in policy implementation by the various ministries and organizationsresponsible for biomass energy use.7. Inadequate recognition of biomass as a source of energy, despite its predominance in theenergy mix.8. Use of inefficient technologies in production, conversion and consumption of biomass energy.9. Limited awareness of the FiTs aimed at encouraging investment in renewable energy.10. Competing interests over land use between biomass plantations, food production and othercommercial uses.11. There is a gap between the existing tree cover vis-a-vis the minimum constitutional requirementof 10%.3.4.3 Policies and Strategies and Implementation Plan - BiomassPolicies and StrategiesBiomass1. Undertake a comprehensive base line study on biomass energyresources and potential, and establish status of tree cover in the country.2. Develop and maintain a database on biomass energy resources andpotential in the country.3. Formulate and implement a national strategy for coordinatingsubsistence and commercial biomass production.4. Promote and update standards for efficient conversion and cleanerutilization of biomass including cleaner charcoal and wood burningstoves.5. Promote Research, Development and Dissemination (RD&D) of biomassenergy technologies.Short Term2014-2017Implementation PlanMedium Term2014-2022Long Term2014-20306. Undertake capacity building for biomass energy technologies. 7. Provide incentives for private sector participation in generation,exploitation, production, distribution, supply and use of biomass energy.53 3.0 – RENEWABLE ENERGY
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NOVEMBER 2013 DRAFTREPUBLIC OF KENY
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2.4.4.1 Challenges in Coal explorat
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4.5.5 Policies and Strategies and I
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Table 10.1 Energy Generation Potent
Page 9 and 10: FOREWORD BY THE CABINET SECRETARY F
Page 11 and 12: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This policy doc
Page 13 and 14: 14. To enhance exploitation of the
Page 15 and 16: 24. The Government shall establish
Page 17 and 18: 1.0 - INTRODUCTION1.1 THE ROLE OF E
Page 19 and 20: (k) Promote appropriate standards,
Page 21 and 22: (e) The Weights and Measures Act, C
Page 23 and 24: fund, mobilizing resources for rura
Page 25 and 26: 2.0 - FOSSIL FUELS2.1 BACKGROUND1.
Page 27 and 28: immense value through acquisition o
Page 29 and 30: and averaging at more than US$110 p
Page 31 and 32: town of Mombasa, through Nairobi to
Page 33 and 34: 3. The prices in Kenya as published
Page 35 and 36: 6. It is hoped that the discovery o
Page 37 and 38: (c) High sulphur levels have advers
Page 39 and 40: Policies and StrategiesPetroleum Ex
Page 41 and 42: Policies and StrategiesPetroleum Su
Page 43 and 44: plants has several advantages over
Page 45 and 46: Natural GasShort Term2014-2017Mediu
Page 47 and 48: 3. The introduction of clean coal t
Page 49 and 50: 6. Lack of a special purpose vehicl
Page 51 and 52: Policies and StrategiesFossil Fuels
Page 53 and 54: 4. Geothermal power plants use stea
Page 55 and 56: about 1,450MW remains unexploited.
Page 57 and 58: 8. Ownership of physical dam reserv
Page 59: (d) Competing interests between dev
Page 63 and 64: 4. Land will need to be set aside f
Page 65 and 66: Limited in Kilifi County generates
Page 67 and 68: high temperatures estimated at 4-6
Page 69 and 70: Policies and StrategiesSolar Energy
Page 71 and 72: 3. Inadequate wind regime data.4. L
Page 73 and 74: through co-generation and bioethano
Page 75 and 76: (d) 1 sea wave energy projects with
Page 77 and 78: 3.12.3 Policies and Strategies and
Page 79 and 80: 4.0 - ELECTRICITY4.1 BACKGROUND1. E
Page 81 and 82: 2. It is estimated that as at 2013,
Page 83 and 84: Figure 4.2 - Evolution of the Energ
Page 85 and 86: (e) Thermal power plants have a rel
Page 87 and 88: 6. Nuclear fuel can be recycled and
Page 89 and 90: Policies and StrategiesNuclear Elec
Page 91 and 92: Table 4.5 - Planned Regional Inter-
Page 93 and 94: to this worsening situation leading
Page 95 and 96: 4.5.5 Policies and Strategies and I
Page 97 and 98: Policies and StrategiesRural Electr
Page 99 and 100: Policies and StrategiesElectricity
Page 101 and 102: 7. The energy policy and the Energy
Page 103 and 104: 6.0 - LAND, ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND
Page 105 and 106: 6.2.3 Renewable Energy1. Generally,
Page 107 and 108: causes indoor air pollution leading
Page 109 and 110: 6.5 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND MITIG
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from the licensee.Policies and Stra
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Policies and StrategiesEnvironment,
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6.7.4.4 Nuclear ElectricityPolicies
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of the risk levels.Policies and Str
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6 It is a further requirement under
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Policies and StrategiesAccess to En
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Kenya.Policies and StrategiesEnergy
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15. Seek financing of clean energy
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Figure 8.1 - Pass-Through Costs in
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Table 8.1 - Energy Tariffs and Cost
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Policies and StrategiesEnergy Prici
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Policies and StrategiesCross Cuttin
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3. In 2009, ERC established a commi
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9.3.3 Policies and Strategies and I
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9.7 ENERGY RESOURCES BENEFITS SHARI
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10.0 - ANNEXURESAnnex 10.1 The PSC
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Table 10.3 Nuclear electricity gene
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Table 10.4 Summary of the Energy St
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County Population Area (km 2 ) Foss
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ACRONYMS AND GLOSSARY OF TERMS1. AC
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RD&DREAREPRMSSMRsSAPPToEVATWpResear
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Reticulation means the network used
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National Energy Policy - Final Draft - 14 Nov 2013

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