National Energy Policy - Final Draft - 14 Nov 2013

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TABLE OF CONTENTSFOREWORD BY THE CABINET SECRETARY FOR ENERGY AND PETROLEUM..................... 1PREFACE BY PRINCIPAL SECRETARY ...................................................................................... 2EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. 31.0 – INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 91.1 THE ROLE OF ENERGY IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................. 91.2 ENERGY POLICY OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................... 101.3 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................ 111.3.1 The Constitution of Kenya, 2010 .................................................................................................................. 111.3.2 Current Policy and Legislation ..................................................................................................................... 121.4 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS .............................................................................................................. 141.4.1 Challenges in the Institutional Arrangements ............................................................................................ 162.0 – FOSSIL FUELS .................................................................................................................... 172.1 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................................. 172.2 PETROLEUM (OIL)......................................................................................................................................... 172.2.1 Petroleum Exploration .................................................................................................................................. 172.2.2 Petroleum Demand and Consumption ........................................................................................................ 202.2.5 Petroleum Refining ........................................................................................................................................ 222.2.6 Petroleum Transportation ............................................................................................................................. 222.2.7 Oil Marketing Companies .............................................................................................................................. 242.2.8 Open Tender System ..................................................................................................................................... 242.2.9 Global Geo-Political Issues .......................................................................................................................... 252.2.10 Lamu Port and Lamu-South Sudan-Ethiopia Transport Corridor ............................................................. 272.2.11 Challenges in Petroleum ............................................................................................................................... 272.2.12 Policies and Strategies - Petroleum (Upstream, Midstream and Downstream) ....................................... 292.3 NATURAL GAS ............................................................................................................................................... 332.3.1 Background .................................................................................................................................................... 332.3.2 Natural Gas Exploration ................................................................................................................................ 342.3.4 Utilization ........................................................................................................................................................ 342.3.5 Challenges ...................................................................................................................................................... 352.3.6 Policies and Strategies - Natural Gas .......................................................................................................... 362.4 COAL RESOURCES ....................................................................................................................................... 382.4.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................................... 382.4.2 Demand for Coal ............................................................................................................................................ 392.4.3 Coal Supply .................................................................................................................................................... 392.4.4 Coal Upstream Development ........................................................................................................................ 39ii NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY FINAL DRAFT NOVEMBER 2013
2.4.4.1 Challenges in Coal exploration .................................................................................................................... 402.4.5 Coal Mid and Downstream Development .................................................................................................... 412.4.6 Policies and Strategies - Coal (Upstream, Midstream and Downstream) ................................................ 412.4.7 Cross Cutting Policies and Strategies in Fossil Fuels ............................................................................... 423 – RENEWABLE ENERGY ......................................................................................................... 443.1 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................................. 443.2 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ............................................................................................................................... 443.2.1 Background .................................................................................................................................................... 443.2.2 Challenges ...................................................................................................................................................... 453.2.3 Policies and Strategies - Geothermal Energy ............................................................................................. 453.3 HYDRO ENERGY ............................................................................................................................................ 463.3.1 Large Hydros .................................................................................................................................................. 473.3.2 Small Hydros .................................................................................................................................................. 493.3.2.1 Background .................................................................................................................................................... 493.3.2.2 Challenges ...................................................................................................................................................... 503.3.2.3 Policies and Strategies and Implementation Plan – Small Hydros ........................................................... 513.4 BIOMASS ........................................................................................................................................................ 513.4.1 Background .................................................................................................................................................... 513.4.2 Challenges ...................................................................................................................................................... 533.4.3 Policies and Strategies and Implementation Plan - Biomass .................................................................... 533.5 BIO FUELS ...................................................................................................................................................... 543.5.1 Background .................................................................................................................................................... 543.5.2 Challenges ...................................................................................................................................................... 553.5.3 Policies and Strategies and Implementation Plan - Biofuels .................................................................... 553.6 BIOGAS ........................................................................................................................................................... 563.6.1 Background .................................................................................................................................................... 563.6.2 Challenges ...................................................................................................................................................... 573.6.3 Policies and Strategies and Implementation Plan - Biogas ....................................................................... 583.7 SOLAR ENERGY ............................................................................................................................................ 583.7.1 Background .................................................................................................................................................... 583.7.2 Challenges ...................................................................................................................................................... 593.7.3 Policies and Strategies and Implementation Plan – Solar Energy ............................................................ 603.8 WIND ENERGY ............................................................................................................................................... 613.8.1 Background .................................................................................................................................................... 613.8.2 Challenges ...................................................................................................................................................... 623.8.3 Policies and Strategies and Implementation Plan – Wind Energy ............................................................ 633.9 MUNICIPAL WASTE ....................................................................................................................................... 633.9.1 Background .................................................................................................................................................... 63iiiTABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 1: NOVEMBER 2013 DRAFTREPUBLIC OF KENY
Page 5 and 6: 4.5.5 Policies and Strategies and I
Page 7 and 8: Table 10.1 Energy Generation Potent
Page 9 and 10: FOREWORD BY THE CABINET SECRETARY F
Page 11 and 12: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. This policy doc
Page 13 and 14: 14. To enhance exploitation of the
Page 15 and 16: 24. The Government shall establish
Page 17 and 18: 1.0 - INTRODUCTION1.1 THE ROLE OF E
Page 19 and 20: (k) Promote appropriate standards,
Page 21 and 22: (e) The Weights and Measures Act, C
Page 23 and 24: fund, mobilizing resources for rura
Page 25 and 26: 2.0 - FOSSIL FUELS2.1 BACKGROUND1.
Page 27 and 28: immense value through acquisition o
Page 29 and 30: and averaging at more than US$110 p
Page 31 and 32: town of Mombasa, through Nairobi to
Page 33 and 34: 3. The prices in Kenya as published
Page 35 and 36: 6. It is hoped that the discovery o
Page 37 and 38: (c) High sulphur levels have advers
Page 39 and 40: Policies and StrategiesPetroleum Ex
Page 41 and 42: Policies and StrategiesPetroleum Su
Page 43 and 44: plants has several advantages over
Page 45 and 46: Natural GasShort Term2014-2017Mediu
Page 47 and 48: 3. The introduction of clean coal t
Page 49 and 50: 6. Lack of a special purpose vehicl
Page 51 and 52: Policies and StrategiesFossil Fuels
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4. Geothermal power plants use stea
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about 1,450MW remains unexploited.
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8. Ownership of physical dam reserv
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(d) Competing interests between dev
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3.4.2 Challenges1. Unsustainable us
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4. Land will need to be set aside f
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Limited in Kilifi County generates
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high temperatures estimated at 4-6
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Policies and StrategiesSolar Energy
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3. Inadequate wind regime data.4. L
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through co-generation and bioethano
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(d) 1 sea wave energy projects with
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3.12.3 Policies and Strategies and
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4.0 - ELECTRICITY4.1 BACKGROUND1. E
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2. It is estimated that as at 2013,
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Figure 4.2 - Evolution of the Energ
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(e) Thermal power plants have a rel
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6. Nuclear fuel can be recycled and
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Policies and StrategiesNuclear Elec
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Table 4.5 - Planned Regional Inter-
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to this worsening situation leading
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4.5.5 Policies and Strategies and I
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Policies and StrategiesRural Electr
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Policies and StrategiesElectricity
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7. The energy policy and the Energy
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6.0 - LAND, ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND
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6.2.3 Renewable Energy1. Generally,
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causes indoor air pollution leading
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6.5 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND MITIG
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from the licensee.Policies and Stra
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Policies and StrategiesEnvironment,
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6.7.4.4 Nuclear ElectricityPolicies
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of the risk levels.Policies and Str
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6 It is a further requirement under
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Policies and StrategiesAccess to En
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Kenya.Policies and StrategiesEnergy
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15. Seek financing of clean energy
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Figure 8.1 - Pass-Through Costs in
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Table 8.1 - Energy Tariffs and Cost
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Policies and StrategiesEnergy Prici
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Policies and StrategiesCross Cuttin
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3. In 2009, ERC established a commi
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9.3.3 Policies and Strategies and I
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9.7 ENERGY RESOURCES BENEFITS SHARI
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10.0 - ANNEXURESAnnex 10.1 The PSC
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Table 10.3 Nuclear electricity gene
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Table 10.4 Summary of the Energy St
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County Population Area (km 2 ) Foss
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ACRONYMS AND GLOSSARY OF TERMS1. AC
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RD&DREAREPRMSSMRsSAPPToEVATWpResear
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Reticulation means the network used
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National Energy Policy - Final Draft - 14 Nov 2013

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