Untitled - MendelNet 2013 - Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická ...

MENDELNET 2013INTRODUCTIONCarbonates contain, according to Alloway (1990), 0.03 mg Cd.kg -1 of soil and5.7 mg Pb.kg -1 of soil. Marsina (1999) stated its limestones and dolomite content sa0.5-14.0 mg Pb.kg -1 , while Alloway (1990) as 7 mg Cd.kg -1 of soil. Primary carbonate rock toweathered carbonate rock and from primary carbonate rocks to the soil coexisting with carbonaterocks, the contents of the heavy metal elements Cd and Pb show increasing tendencies (Ni et al.,2009) and limestone has by Aziz et al. (2008) significantly removed more than 90 % of most metalsat a final pH of 8.5. Grupe and Kuntze (1988) argue, that metals of anthropogenic origin aregenerally considered as more available from soils than those originating from parent rock. On theabsorption of trace elements are involved not only organic matter (Kabata-Pendias and Pendias,1984), soil biota (Styk, 2001), soil properties, according to the variability in organic and inorganicsoil constituents (Alloway, 1995), as well as carbonates, phosphates, sulfates, clay particles(Kabata-Pendias and Pendias, 1984; Styk, 2001), most of the Pb in sediments occurs in clays(Wedepohl, 1956). Effects of heavy metal pollution are most long lasting in soils due to relativelystrong adsorption of many metals onto the humus and clay colloids (Alloway and Ayres, 1994).Heavy metals may be bound or sorbed by particular natural substances, which may increase ordecrease mobility (Hulanicki, 2000). Organic amendments such as composts or peat, which containa high proportion of humified organic matter, can decrease the bioavailability of heavy metals insoil by adsorption and by forming stable complexes with humic substances (Schuman, 1999).Humic acids (HA) contain acidic groups such as carboxyl and phenolic OH functional groups(Hofrichter et al., 2001) and, therefore, provide organic macromolecules with an important role inthe transport, bioavailability, and solubility of heavy metals (Lagier et al., 2000).The objective of work is to detect selected soil´s chemical properties and to sum up their impact onsorption of mobile forms of heavy metals (Pb, Cd) in Belianske Tatras Mountains´ soils.MATERIAL AND METHODSSoil samples were taken from the randomly selected sites in Belianske Tatras Mts.(Tab. 1). This is a limestone area, Fatricum of Krizna Nappe, build up of limestones, quartzites andsandstones. The main geochemical rock types are limestones and dolomites (Bedrna, 2002). Theanalyzed soil samples were taken in the autumn of 2011 from a depth of 0 - 30 cm (Leptosols soiltype).Tab. 1 Characteristics of sampling sites of soil samplesAltitudeNumber of samle Locality Slope Exposure[m n. m.]Forms ofreliéfP1 Hlúpy 10° north/northeast 2049 FlatP2 Pod Hlúpmi 15° south/southeast 2010 slightlyP3 Belianska Kopa 15° north/northeast 1828 FlatP4 Zadné Meďodoly 30° south 1724 ConvexP5 Ždiarska Vidla 45° south/southeast 2133 slightlyP6 Predné Jatky 25° north/northeast 1964 slightlyP7 Bujačí vrch 35° north/northwest 1943 FlatP8 Muráň 45 - 59° north/northeast 1834 ConvexP9 Nový 40 - 45° southwest/west 1959 FlatP10 Havran 35° north/west 2047 slightlyThe soil was air-dried at room temperature and sieved (< 2 mm) using standard procedures. Thesoil reaction in distilled water was determined to be an active soil reaction (pH H2O ) and in asolutionof1 mol l -1 KCl an exchange soil reaction (pH KCl ). The ratio of soil to solution was 1:2.5 (van309 | P age