Untitled - MendelNet 2013 - Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická ...

MENDELNET 2013INTRODUCTIONSince the 1970’s several instruments of environmental planning and management secured therequirements for prevention of environmental degradation and demands of sustainabledevelopment. One of these instruments is environmental assessment, a process ensuring thatimpacts of proposed projects, activities, plans or programs on the environment are indentified,predicted, evaluated and assessed by the participation of experts, public and other stakeholdersprior to decision-making process, i.e. prior to their permission or approval (Pavličková, K., Kozová,M. et. al. 2009). Environmental assessment has also a significant role in landscape protection anddevelopment. In this process state of and impacts on the landscape are evaluated and measurementsfor protection and further development are proposed.Environmental assessment was gradually implemented in states of European Union since 1975.Since the beginning of 1990’s countries of Central and Eastern Europe, as well as Slovak Republicand Hungary 1 have introduced this instrument to their law systems. At present the legislation ofenvironmental assessment in these countries originates and is based mainly on European Uniondirectives and international conventions. Currently two directives are in force, the codifiedDirective 2011/92/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on theassessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (EIA Directive)and Directive 2001/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 June 2001 on theassessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment (SEA Directive),which were many times amended. Furthermore, two significant international conventions, theConvention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (Espoo, Finland,1991) and Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment to the Convention on EnvironmentalImpact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (Kiev, Ukraine, 2003) regulate the field oftransboundary environmental assessment.This article is dedicated to environmental impact assessment (EIA) and strategic environmentalassessment (SEA) in Slovak Republic and Hungary. The main objective of the provided paper is toevaluate how EIA and SEA was developed in these countries and reflected to the Slovak andHungarian law systems and to characterize the current situation.MATERIAL AND METHODSInformation about the current situation of environmental assessment in the Slovak Republic wasobtained from Act No. 24/2006 Coll. 2 about environmental assessment. Up to date informationabout the situation in Hungary was extracted from Act. No. 1995/LIII. on the general rules ofenvironmental protection 3 , Governmental Decree No. 314/2005. (XII. 25.) on environmentalimpact assessment and on integrated pollution prevention and control process 4 and GovernmentalDecree No. 2/2005. (I.11.) on environmental assessment of certain plans and programs 5 .Documents available on website www.enviroportal.sk and internal materials provided by theMinistry of Environment of the Slovak Republic 6 and Ministry of Rural Development of Hungary 7were used as well. The development and current status of environmental assessment in these1according to Amendment no. T/5001/47 of the Fundamental Law of Hungary, the official name of the countryis Hungary2Zákon NR SR č. 24/2006 Z. z. o posudzovaní vplyvov na životné prostredie v znení neskorších predpisov31995. évi LIII. törvény a környezet védelmének általános védelméről4314/2005. (XII. 25.) Kormányrendelet a környezeti hatásvizsgálati és az egységes környezethasználatiengedélyezési eljárásról52/2005. (I. 11.) Kormányrendelet egyes tervek, illetve programok környezeti vizsgálatáról6Ministerstvo životného prostredia Slovenskej Republiky7Vidékfejlestési Minisztérium506 | Page