Untitled - MendelNet 2013 - Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická ...

MENDELNET 2013INTRODUCTIONMilk thistle (Silybum marianum [L.] Gaertn.) is annual, rarely biennial medicinal plant, belonginginto the family Asteraceae. It originates from the Mediterranean region, often wild in wholeEurope, also in the mountain regions (Moudrý 2011). According to the Situational Report from2012, the growing areas of Milk thistle still increase. Association PELEROC CZ reports that in theyears 2011 and 2012, Milk thistle was cultivated on approximately 5 000 Ha with estimated yield0.5 t.ha -1 . Milk thistle is produced for the content of silymarin complex in fruits (achenes). Thisactive substance positively affects liver tissue and also is used in the therapy of some tumordiseases (Habán 2009). The risk is represented by the availability of the declared and describedpropagation material (seeds). Domestic and also foreign growers are highly interested in Milkthistle production. Silymarin complex is isolated from the biomass after pressing the achenes. Fattyoil is a side product and has the use in pharmaceutical cosmetology. The use of Milk thistle in feedindustry is developed. All these activities influence the increase of growing area of Milk thistledirectly.MATERIAL AND METHODSIn frame of the evaluation in 2013, the characters of various genetic resources of Milk thistle(Silybum marianum [L.] Gaertn.) using the minimal set of descriptors were evaluated, approved bythe Plant Genetic Resources Board of the Czech republic (12/2012). Table 1 shows the list of 15genetic resources of Milk thistle grown on two localities, in Citonice (dist. Znojmo) and inOlomouc (Crop Research Institute, v.v.i.).Tab. 1 List of the genetic resources of Milk thistle on two localitiesGenetic resources Locality Citonice Locality Olomouc1. A8400001 CZE A8400001 CZE2. A8400002 DEU A8400002 DEU3. A8400004 FRA A8400004 FRA4. A8400007 CZE 'SILYB' A8400007 CZE 'SILYB'5. A8400008 BEL A8400008 BEL6. A8400009 POL 'SILMA' A8400009 POL 'SILMA'7. 4067 CZE 4067 CZE8. 4385 HUN 4385 HUN9. 4386 HUN 4386 HUN10. 4388 HUN 4388 HUN11. 4389 HUN 4389 HUN12. 4395 DEU 4395 DEU13. 4398 DEU 4398 DEU14. 4443 SER 4443 SER15. 4444 AUT 4444 AUTThe first experimental locality is situated in the village Citonice, Znojmo region in theSouthmoravian Region. The place is in altitude of 360 m.a.s.l. Climatic region is characterized aswarm, mildly humid. The terrain slope is middle. The soil is deep, without the skeleton, thechernozem type (www.sowac-gis.cz, 2013). The soil was prepared in a usual way and on 18. 4.2013, 30 seeds of each resource were planted in a density of 40 × 50 cm. The plant growth anddevelopment were monitored weekly. The canopy was irrigated during the vegetation period till theflowering stage of terminal bud. Three times per vegetation the manual weeding was performed.645 | P age