TRANSPORTATION - BTS - Bureau of Transportation Statistics

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Figure 7-1National Defense Reserve Fleet: 1975-99Number of ships4504003503002502001501005001975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration, Marad ‘99 (Washington, DC:May 2000).Figure 7-2National Port Readiness Network: 2000PUGET SOUNDSeattle, Tacoma,Indian IslandSAN FRANCISCO BAYOakland, ConcordLA/LONG BEACHLong Beach,Port HuenemeSAN DIEGOCHARLESTONSAVANNAHNEW YORK/NEW JERSEYHAMPTON ROADSNorfolk, NewportNewsWILMINGTONMOTSUWilmington,Morehead CityHONOLULUPearl HarborCORPUS CHRISTIPORT ARTHURBeaumontJACKSONVILLESource: U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration, available athttp://www.marad.dot.gov/nprn/index.html, as of July 2000.activation. Fourteen U.S. commercial ports are designated by DOD as strategicallyimportant for the movement of military equipment and supplies (figure 7-2). As outlinedin USDOT/DOD Memorandum of Agreement on Port Readiness, a number of agenciesare involved in the operation of militarized ports and port facilities during war or nationalcrises. Included among these are the USCG (e.g. harbor defense, port security, portsafety and vessel traffic management), DOD’s Transportation Command (Military SealiftCommand and Military Traffic Management Command), the Army Corps of Engineers7-4
(channel maintenance and wreck removal) and the Maritime Administration (contractualarrangements). Local Port Readiness Committees, chaired by USCG Captains of the Port,provide effective coordination at the executive level.To increase the size of our U.S.-flag fleet, the President’s National Shipbuilding Initiative(NSI) is being implemented through the Maritime Guarantee (Title XI) program. Under theNSI, the Title XI program was expanded to include financingfor exporting vessels constructed in U.S. shipyards andmodernizing U.S. shipyard facilities.Table 7-3As mentioned in Chapter 4, the number of U.S.-flag ships hasbeen declining, and the nation’s shipbuilding capacity hasfallen. National security considerations might require increasingthe number of U.S.-flag ships of the dry bulk fleet, increasingjobs for U.S. merchant mariners, and increasing the percentageof U.S. foreign commerce carried on U.S.-flag vessels in order tomaintain the economic viability of our U.S. merchant fleet aswell as its availability for national security use.AirliftAirlift is both the means of delivery and the sustainable lifelinefor troops until sea lines of communication can be established.A significant part of the nation’s mobility resource is the CivilReserve Air Fleet (CRAF)—aviation’s equivalent of the MSP.Selected aircraft from commercial U.S. airlines are contracted toCRAF to support DOD emergency airlift requirements shouldairlift needs exceed military aircraft capabilities. The CRAF hasthree main segments: international airlift, national airlift, andaeromedical evacuation. The international segment is dividedinto long- and short-range sections, and the national segmentinto domestic and Alaskan sections.To belong to CRAF, commercial airlines contract to activate theiraircraft, as needed, to support CRAF segments. To provideincentives for civil carriers to commit aircraft to the CRAFprogram, Air Mobility Command (AMC) awards peacetimeairlift contracts to civilian airlines that offer aircraft to the CRAF.The International Airlift Services contract is the largest of these.For fiscal year 1999, the guaranteed portion of the contract is$345 million, and AMC estimated that throughout fiscal year1999, it would also award more than $362 million innonguaranteed business. Carriers also must commit andmaintain at least four complete crews for each aircraft [USAF1999]. As of October 1, 1998, 35 carriers and 657 aircraft wereenrolled in CRAF (table 7-3).Ground TransportationThe nation’s rail and highway systems play critical roles in themovement of military equipment and personnel during peacetimeand, particularly, in wartime. When a contingency arises,huge amounts of military equipment and personnel are movedexpeditiously from various continental U.S. (CONUS)-basedmilitary installations to various seaports and airports. Most ofthis equipment is convoyed over U.S. highways.Members of the CivilReserve Air Fleet (CRAF)Long-Range InternationalAir Transport InternationalAmerican International AirwaysAmerican AirlinesAmerican Trans AirArrow AirContinental AirlinesDelta AirlinesDHL AirwaysEmery WorldwideEvergreen InternationalFederal Express AirlinesFine AirlinesNorth American AirlinesNorthwest AirlinesPolar Air CargoSun Country AirlinesTower AirTrans Continental AirlinesUnited AirlinesUnited Parcel ServiceWorld AirwaysShort-Range InternationalAlaska AirlinesAmerican Trans AirDHL AirwaysEvergreen InternationalExpress OneMiami Air InternationalSun Country AirlinesSun WorldUS Airways ShuttleAeromedical EvacuationDelta AirlinesUS AirwaysDomesticAmerica West ExpressReno AirSouthwest AirlinesAlaskanNorthern Air CargoReeve AleutianLynden Air CargoSource: U.S. Department of the Air Forcewebsite, USAF Fact Sheet, May 1999.7-5
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THE CHANGING FACE OF
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All material contained in this repo
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsChapter 1—Vision
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Chapter 6—Technology ............
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change. Secretary Slater challenged
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A Chronology of Vision and Vigilanc
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January 1999New Rule Revising USDOT
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Table 1-1Forecasts Past and Future1
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Technology has played a critical ro
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Today, highway vehicle-miles travel
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conventional classroom with the adv
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than predicted. The large differenc
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In 1975, the nation saw nearly 50,0
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FAA and NASA: Working Together on A
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traffic and more time with families
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operations, maintenance, and mannin
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EnergyIn 1975, the United States co
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General Motors has manufacturing fa
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immigration and drug smuggling by s
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This report is organized around six
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chapter 2Growth, Deregulation,and I
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Figure 2-2Economic Growth in the Un
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Growth of the Transportation System
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Figure 2-6Vehicle-Miles Traveled on
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Box 2-1ISTEA/TEA-21The Intermodal S
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Box 2-3TelecommutingEmerging techno
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Figure 2-11Urban Rail Systems in th
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Figure 2-12Transit Ridership: 1975-
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the Gulf Coast Corridor, New York
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Air Traffic Performance-Based Organ
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Figure 2-17U.S. Domestic and Intern
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Box 2-6Higher Profits for U.S. Airl
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Figure 2-21Regional/Commuter Passen
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Figure 2-24Fixed-Wing Piston Aircra
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The FAA, in cooperationwith NASA, i
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LaunchesIn 1999, narrow-body aircra
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Millions of short tonsFigure 2-34U.
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Table 2-1U.S. Oceangoing Merchant M
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Figure 2-39Top 25 U.S. Container Po
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Figure 2-41U.S. Total Waterborne Co
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Significant deregulation legislatio
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the curtailed service in rural area
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Figure 2-45Railroad Network Showing
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direct flights to destinations and
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Figure 2-47International and Domest
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asis between shippers and carriers.
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Figure 2-48Total Ton-Miles of Freig
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Japan and Korea are still our major
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This shift from a “push” to a
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We may have to consider workforce-r
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Logistics Management and Distributi
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chapter 3Safety“ There is need fo
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Figure 3-1Total Fatalities in All M
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7. do a better job of data collecti
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The USDOT human factors research in
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Figure 3-4Total Traffic Fatalities:
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Vehicle Rollover and Size Compatibi
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Box 3-2Pedestrian and Bicycle Trips
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Figure 3-9Alcohol-Related Traffic F
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Under TEA-21, some portion of feder
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Child Restraints: Standards for chi
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Demographic Characteristics (age)In
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Figure 3-18Crash Rate per 100,000 L
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Road CharacteristicsSafer Roads: Si
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Together, these systems provide an
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Automation of enforcement efforts
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By the mid-1980s, with deregulation
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Transit SafetyIn 1975, transit, lik
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Figure 3-28Total Train Incidents: 1
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Figure 3-31Rail-Related Fatality Ra
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Figure 3-34Number of Highway-Rail G
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Figure 3-35Fatal Commercial Air Tra
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In the early 1970s, the aviation in
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The program was enhanced by an agre
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Box 3-10 continued2,000 older, larg
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Figure 3-41Recreational Boating Acc
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systems for steering andmachinery m
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In addition to search and rescue ac
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communities with access to the info
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are growing. Smart pigs will be inc
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Regulations are issued by the USDOT
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Keys to the FutureA number of curre
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References23 CFR Part 1313. U.S. De
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U.S. Department of Transportation (
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_____. 2000c. Office of Investigati
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GlobalizationIn the last quarter-ce
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The Phenomenon of GlobalizationDuri
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Figure 4-4Foreign Direct Investment
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Mitsubishi Motor Sales of America,
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Table 4-4“Domestic” Vehicles Bu
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Table 4-5Top Selling Cars and Truck
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The European Union (EU) achieved fu
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Figure 4-6Open Skies Agreements wit
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Figure 4-8Foreign Residents Visitin
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The record growth of world travel h
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Figure 4-11Hull Loss Accident Rates
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integrated air and truck service. A
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traffic, will likely result in the
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Figure 4-18World Shipping Deliverie
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The world merchant fleet in 1975 co
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By 2025, U.S. ports must be prepare
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Figure 4-26Merchandise Exports to C
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through Laredo, Texas, increased 24
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approved for partnerships that woul
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Japan Automobile Manufacturers Asso
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U.S. Department of Transportation (
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chapter 5People, Energy, andthe Env
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Table 5-1Population and Passenger T
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carpools are now really family acti
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Figure 5-5Household Vehicle Ownersh
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Figure 5-8Commuting Flow: 1960-9045
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Box 5-2Access to Transportation for
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Figure 5-12Mode of Transportation b
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Figure 5-16Long-Distance Trip Makin
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Figure 5-18Estimated Percentage of
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transportation’s share of U.S. pe
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Figure 5-21Changes in the Energy In
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loss to the U.S. economy is equal t
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States’ gas hydrate resources alo
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Box 5-4Environmental JusticeCommuni
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Despite dramatic reductions in air
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Figure 5-27Particulate Emissions: 1
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cleaner industrial and electrical g
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Because transportation greenhouse g
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Other fuels show less promise at th
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The advent of increased environment
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eduction programs will be highly su
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A 1980s study estimated that 37 per
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and if we remain vigilant, we could
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Invasive Species: Transportation in
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Page 275 and 276: Organization for Economic Cooperati
Page 277: _____. 2000a. National Air Quality
Page 281 and 282: chapter 6TechnologyDramatic develop
Page 283 and 284: U.S. and Allied forces with accurat
Page 285 and 286: the base station to monitor the ent
Page 287 and 288: The roots of ITS predate the establ
Page 289 and 290: Figure 6-36-16Projected The Largest
Page 291 and 292: Figure 6-4Deployment of Traffic Sig
Page 293 and 294: payment systems becomeintegrated wi
Page 295 and 296: Collision Avoidance and Warning Sys
Page 297 and 298: Computer dispatched paratransit veh
Page 299 and 300: Box 6-5Types of High-Speed Ground T
Page 301 and 302: Figure 6-16 6-10Projected Growth in
Page 303 and 304: Box 6-6 continuedIntelligent Railro
Page 305 and 306: military, and general aviation) to
Page 307 and 308: (“independent”) radars and seco
Page 309 and 310: USDOT, FAAUsing the Enhanced Traffi
Page 311 and 312: national deployment and as users eq
Page 313 and 314: Airport complexes (Reagan National,
Page 315 and 316: The methods used to gather and dist
Page 317 and 318: commodities, but intelligent contro
Page 319: chapter 7National Security“In the
Page 322 and 323: The nation’s ability to meet the
Page 326 and 327: The Strategic Highway Network (STRA
Page 328 and 329: Figure 7-4Worldwide International T
Page 330 and 331: Figure 7-9Terrorist Attacks Against
Page 332 and 333: These acts of piracy accounted for
Page 334 and 335: Keys to the FutureTerrorism is a gr
Page 336 and 337: Box 7-2Aviation Security TrainingPr
Page 338 and 339: threat in the mid-1970s—the gover
Page 340 and 341: Threats to Maritime SecurityOur Nat
Page 342 and 343: Latin America and the Carribean Bas
Page 344 and 345: ______. 1999. America’s Merchant
Page 346 and 347: Figure 2-41 U.S. Total Waterborne C
Page 348 and 349: Figure 5-1 Dependence Ratio: 1950-2
Page 351 and 352: appendix BAcronyms and Initialisms3
Page 353 and 354: LCDLEOLNGLPGLTLLTVsMaglevMARADMERCO
Page 355 and 356: appendix CGlossaryAir control facil
Page 357 and 358: Commuter air carrier: A small certi
Page 359 and 360: Geostationary orbit: Any orbit at a
Page 361 and 362: Loran: An electronic navigational s
Page 363 and 364: Seat-miles: The aircraft-miles flow
Page 365: Vessel feeder services: Cargo to/fr
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TRANSPORTATION - BTS - Bureau of Transportation Statistics

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