TRANSPORTATION - BTS - Bureau of Transportation Statistics

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Figure 2-24Fixed-Wing Piston Aircraft: 1975-99250200Thousands150100Source: U.S. Departmentof Transportation, Bureauof TransportationStatisticas, Office ofAirline Information(Washington, DC:Various years).5001975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1999services. The firstU.S. commerciallaunch took place in1989. In 1999, therewere 17 FAA-licensedcommercial spacelaunches, for a totalof 130 launchesthrough July 2000; ofthese, 115 have beensuccessful [Smith2000].Figure 2-25Fixed-Wing Turbine Aircraft: 1975-99141210Thousands8642The growth in thecommercial satellitelaunchindustry wasprompted by thedestruction of thespace shuttle1975Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, WorkingPaper on Aerospace Capacity andDemand (Washington, DC: 2000).Figure 2-26Challenger and the subsequent decision to prohibitcommercial payloads on the shuttles. This left theUnited States with severely limited launch capability.Other nations entered this business, setting the stage forthe highly competitive and growing world market inspace launch. The United States went from zerocommercial launch capability in 1988 to $1 billion inlaunch revenues in 1998. In 1998, U.S.-based launchproviders achieved a 47 percent share of theinternational commercial launch market (figure 2-26).Before 1990, most responsibilities for the U.S. spacelaunchbases and ranges belonged to the government,particularly the Air Force. Today, commercial launchoperators and spaceports are responsible for operatingand maintaining the satellite and launch vehicle01980 1985 1990 1995 1999Commercial Satellite Launches byCountry: 1998 (Percent of marketshare in 1998)Europe25%Russia14%China11%Source: U.S.Department ofTransportation,Federal Aviation Administration,Commerical Space Transportation:1998 Year in Review(Washington, DC: 1999).United States47%Ukraine3%2-26
facilities and launch complexes that they lease or license from the Air Force. The FAA hasissued a space-launch site operator’s license for commercial spaceports at Vandenberg AirForce Base, California; Spaceport Florida at Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida; the VirginiaSpace Flight Center at Wallops Island, Virginia; and Spaceport Alaska at Kodiak Island,Alaska. The FAA has also licensed launches from the Sea Launch venture, which had its firstsuccessful launch in 1999 from a sea-based platform near the equator in the Pacific Ocean.These spaceports focus on small to medium rockets used primarily to launch low Earth orbit(LEO) communications satellites. LEO satellites orbit at altitudes ranging from 100 to22,300 miles—the distance required for geostationary orbit. Demand for this type of launch isincreasing, and a number of firms are competing to establish constellations of LEO satellitesproviding global mobile communications systems. All of the numerous proposed LEOsystems use varying numbers of evenly spaced satellites circling the globe, so that one isalways within reach of Earth-bound communications devices. They essentially allow anyone,anywhere on Earth, to communicate with anyone anywhere else, using a special handheldtelephone (Big LEO) or other, nonvoice communications device, such as a pager oralphanumeric messaging receiver (Little LEO).Keys to the FutureFAA estimates show that commercial airlines will continue to benefit from moderate to strongeconomic growth. The forecasts also expect a combination of technological improvementsand continued cost containment efforts to benefit the overall financial performance of bothU.S. and foreign flag carriers.In addition, the operation of a fleet consisting entirely of Stage 3 aircraft (aircraft with reducednoise level), which are more fuel-efficient, will result in further cost savings and increasedindustry productivity. These productivity improvements should strengthen overall industryfinancial performance, reduce air-carrier marginal costs, and benefit the traveling public withlower airline fares. Further, we are working with our international partners to develop a Stage4 aircraft and schedule it for future deployment.Domestic enplanements arepredicted to increase3.4 percent per year from2000 to 2025 (figure 2-27).To accommodate thegrowth in traffic over thisperiod, the large air carrierjet passenger fleet isexpected to increase3.6 percent per year,expanding from 4,355aircraft in 2000 to anestimated 9,941 aircraft in2025 (figure 2-28). Withcongestion alreadyapparent at airports and inthe skies, capacity issuesmust be addressed toaccommodate futuregrowth.Figure 2-27Domestic Enplanements on U.S. Commercial Air Carriers:Projected – 2000-25Millions1,6001,4001,2001,000800600400200020002005 2010 2015 2020 2025Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Working Paperon Aerospace Capacity and Demand (Washington, DC: 2000).2-27
Page 1:
THE CHANGING FACE OF
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All material contained in this repo
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsChapter 1—Vision
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Chapter 6—Technology ............
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change. Secretary Slater challenged
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A Chronology of Vision and Vigilanc
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January 1999New Rule Revising USDOT
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Table 1-1Forecasts Past and Future1
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Technology has played a critical ro
Page 24 and 25: Today, highway vehicle-miles travel
Page 26 and 27: conventional classroom with the adv
Page 28 and 29: than predicted. The large differenc
Page 30 and 31: In 1975, the nation saw nearly 50,0
Page 32 and 33: FAA and NASA: Working Together on A
Page 34 and 35: traffic and more time with families
Page 36 and 37: operations, maintenance, and mannin
Page 38 and 39: EnergyIn 1975, the United States co
Page 40 and 41: General Motors has manufacturing fa
Page 42 and 43: immigration and drug smuggling by s
Page 44 and 45: This report is organized around six
Page 47: chapter 2Growth, Deregulation,and I
Page 50 and 51: Figure 2-2Economic Growth in the Un
Page 52 and 53: Growth of the Transportation System
Page 54 and 55: Figure 2-6Vehicle-Miles Traveled on
Page 56 and 57: Box 2-1ISTEA/TEA-21The Intermodal S
Page 58 and 59: Box 2-3TelecommutingEmerging techno
Page 60 and 61: Figure 2-11Urban Rail Systems in th
Page 62 and 63: Figure 2-12Transit Ridership: 1975-
Page 64 and 65: the Gulf Coast Corridor, New York
Page 66 and 67: Air Traffic Performance-Based Organ
Page 68 and 69: Figure 2-17U.S. Domestic and Intern
Page 70 and 71: Box 2-6Higher Profits for U.S. Airl
Page 72 and 73: Figure 2-21Regional/Commuter Passen
Page 76 and 77: The FAA, in cooperationwith NASA, i
Page 78 and 79: LaunchesIn 1999, narrow-body aircra
Page 80 and 81: Millions of short tonsFigure 2-34U.
Page 82 and 83: Table 2-1U.S. Oceangoing Merchant M
Page 84 and 85: Figure 2-39Top 25 U.S. Container Po
Page 86 and 87: Figure 2-41U.S. Total Waterborne Co
Page 88 and 89: Significant deregulation legislatio
Page 90 and 91: the curtailed service in rural area
Page 92 and 93: Figure 2-45Railroad Network Showing
Page 94 and 95: direct flights to destinations and
Page 96 and 97: Figure 2-47International and Domest
Page 98 and 99: asis between shippers and carriers.
Page 100 and 101: Figure 2-48Total Ton-Miles of Freig
Page 102 and 103: Japan and Korea are still our major
Page 104 and 105: This shift from a “push” to a
Page 106 and 107: We may have to consider workforce-r
Page 108 and 109: Logistics Management and Distributi
Page 111: chapter 3Safety“ There is need fo
Page 114 and 115: Figure 3-1Total Fatalities in All M
Page 116 and 117: 7. do a better job of data collecti
Page 118 and 119: The USDOT human factors research in
Page 120 and 121: Figure 3-4Total Traffic Fatalities:
Page 122 and 123: Vehicle Rollover and Size Compatibi
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Box 3-2Pedestrian and Bicycle Trips
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Figure 3-9Alcohol-Related Traffic F
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Under TEA-21, some portion of feder
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Child Restraints: Standards for chi
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Demographic Characteristics (age)In
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Figure 3-18Crash Rate per 100,000 L
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Road CharacteristicsSafer Roads: Si
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Together, these systems provide an
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Automation of enforcement efforts
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By the mid-1980s, with deregulation
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Transit SafetyIn 1975, transit, lik
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Figure 3-28Total Train Incidents: 1
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Figure 3-31Rail-Related Fatality Ra
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Figure 3-34Number of Highway-Rail G
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Figure 3-35Fatal Commercial Air Tra
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In the early 1970s, the aviation in
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The program was enhanced by an agre
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Box 3-10 continued2,000 older, larg
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Figure 3-41Recreational Boating Acc
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systems for steering andmachinery m
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In addition to search and rescue ac
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communities with access to the info
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are growing. Smart pigs will be inc
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Regulations are issued by the USDOT
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Keys to the FutureA number of curre
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References23 CFR Part 1313. U.S. De
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U.S. Department of Transportation (
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_____. 2000c. Office of Investigati
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GlobalizationIn the last quarter-ce
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The Phenomenon of GlobalizationDuri
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Figure 4-4Foreign Direct Investment
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Mitsubishi Motor Sales of America,
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Table 4-4“Domestic” Vehicles Bu
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Table 4-5Top Selling Cars and Truck
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The European Union (EU) achieved fu
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Figure 4-6Open Skies Agreements wit
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Figure 4-8Foreign Residents Visitin
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The record growth of world travel h
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Figure 4-11Hull Loss Accident Rates
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integrated air and truck service. A
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traffic, will likely result in the
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Figure 4-18World Shipping Deliverie
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The world merchant fleet in 1975 co
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By 2025, U.S. ports must be prepare
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Figure 4-26Merchandise Exports to C
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through Laredo, Texas, increased 24
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approved for partnerships that woul
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Japan Automobile Manufacturers Asso
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U.S. Department of Transportation (
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chapter 5People, Energy, andthe Env
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Table 5-1Population and Passenger T
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carpools are now really family acti
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Figure 5-5Household Vehicle Ownersh
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Figure 5-8Commuting Flow: 1960-9045
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Box 5-2Access to Transportation for
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Figure 5-12Mode of Transportation b
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Figure 5-16Long-Distance Trip Makin
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Figure 5-18Estimated Percentage of
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transportation’s share of U.S. pe
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Figure 5-21Changes in the Energy In
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loss to the U.S. economy is equal t
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States’ gas hydrate resources alo
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Box 5-4Environmental JusticeCommuni
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Despite dramatic reductions in air
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Figure 5-27Particulate Emissions: 1
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cleaner industrial and electrical g
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Because transportation greenhouse g
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Other fuels show less promise at th
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The advent of increased environment
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eduction programs will be highly su
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A 1980s study estimated that 37 per
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and if we remain vigilant, we could
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Invasive Species: Transportation in
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Box 5-11Clinton-Gore Livable Commun
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Organization for Economic Cooperati
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_____. 2000a. National Air Quality
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chapter 6TechnologyDramatic develop
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U.S. and Allied forces with accurat
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the base station to monitor the ent
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The roots of ITS predate the establ
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Figure 6-36-16Projected The Largest
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Figure 6-4Deployment of Traffic Sig
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payment systems becomeintegrated wi
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Collision Avoidance and Warning Sys
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Computer dispatched paratransit veh
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Box 6-5Types of High-Speed Ground T
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Figure 6-16 6-10Projected Growth in
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Box 6-6 continuedIntelligent Railro
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military, and general aviation) to
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(“independent”) radars and seco
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USDOT, FAAUsing the Enhanced Traffi
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national deployment and as users eq
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Airport complexes (Reagan National,
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The methods used to gather and dist
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commodities, but intelligent contro
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chapter 7National Security“In the
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The nation’s ability to meet the
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Figure 7-1National Defense Reserve
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The Strategic Highway Network (STRA
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Figure 7-4Worldwide International T
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Figure 7-9Terrorist Attacks Against
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These acts of piracy accounted for
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Keys to the FutureTerrorism is a gr
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Box 7-2Aviation Security TrainingPr
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threat in the mid-1970s—the gover
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Threats to Maritime SecurityOur Nat
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Latin America and the Carribean Bas
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______. 1999. America’s Merchant
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Figure 2-41 U.S. Total Waterborne C
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Figure 5-1 Dependence Ratio: 1950-2
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appendix BAcronyms and Initialisms3
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LCDLEOLNGLPGLTLLTVsMaglevMARADMERCO
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appendix CGlossaryAir control facil
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Commuter air carrier: A small certi
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Geostationary orbit: Any orbit at a
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Loran: An electronic navigational s
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Seat-miles: The aircraft-miles flow
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Vessel feeder services: Cargo to/fr
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