TRANSPORTATION - BTS - Bureau of Transportation Statistics

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Table 2-1U.S. Oceangoing Merchant Marine: as of June 30, 1975(Self-propelled vessel => 1,000 gross tons)Combination passenger/cargoFreightersBulk carriersIntermodalTotal U.S. flagPrivately owned Government-owned TotalShips716219148583DeadweightDeadweighttons (000) Ships Tons (000) Ships592,1905432,80714,61057215043083542,1760472,9996437719152891Deadweighttons (000)4134,3665432,85417,609Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration, June 1976.Table 2-2U.S.-Flag Oceangoing Self-PropelledMerchant Vessels of 1,000 Gross Tonsand Over as of Apr. 1, 1999Table 2-3U.S. Oceanborne Foreign Trade Top 10 Ports (1975)(Thousands of tons)U.S. PortNew YorkBaton RougeHoustonNorfolkPhiladelphiaNew OrleansBaltimoreCorpus ChristiBeaumontLong BeachImports50,15339,86123,5205,81829,05513,81417,54617,12515,44113,348Exports5,5248,56313,36027,6944,37019,17013,3093,8443,4764,975Total55,67748,42436,88033,51233,42532,98430,85524,96918,91718,323Active fleetTankerDry bulkContainershipRoll-on/roll-offCruise/passengerOtherTotalShips123148227428278Deadweighttons (000)7,9145792,9055523768912,676Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, MaritimeAdministration, U.S. Merchant Marine Data Sheet, as ofApr. 1, 1999.Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration, UnitedStates Oceanborne Foreign Trade Routes (Washington, DC: 1978).The maritime industry has changed more dramatically in the past 30 years than in any otherperiod in history. Where shipping could once be divided into tankers, bulk carriers, and drycargoships, there are now many more specialized ship designs. Container ships, which firstappeared in the 1960s, are now commonplace, although their proportion of the worldshipping fleet is still relatively small. Between 1994 and 1998, the number of container vesselsgrew by 57 percent (figure 2-37). Roll-on/roll-off ships dominate short sea routes in manyparts of the world.World containerized trade moves almost doubled between 1991 and 1999 (figure 2-38), andU.S. ports on both coasts have responded to their increased activity. By 1987, New York wasthe top U.S. port in the container trade, followed by Long Beach, and the top 15 U.S. containerports accounted for 89 percent of the total activity in the United States. Figure 2-39 shows thelocation of the top 25 container ports and the volume of containers handled in 1987 and 1999(see also tables 2-4 and 2-5).2-34
Figure 2-37World Container Vessel Fleet: 1994-983,0002,500Number of vessels2,0001,5001,000500019941995199619971998Source: Lloyd’s Maritime Information Service, vessel inventory datafile, various years, available atwww.lmis.com/f-sdat.htm, as of October 2000.Figure 2-38World Containerized Trade Moves: 1991-2001706050Millions TEU*4030201001991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001*TEU = Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit.ProjectedSource: K.C. Sjetnan, 1999, Cargo Systems, The Future of the Container Shipping Industry(London: IIR Publications, Ltd.).2-35
Page 1:
THE CHANGING FACE OF
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All material contained in this repo
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsChapter 1—Vision
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Chapter 6—Technology ............
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change. Secretary Slater challenged
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A Chronology of Vision and Vigilanc
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January 1999New Rule Revising USDOT
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Table 1-1Forecasts Past and Future1
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Technology has played a critical ro
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Today, highway vehicle-miles travel
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conventional classroom with the adv
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than predicted. The large differenc
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In 1975, the nation saw nearly 50,0
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Page 34 and 35: traffic and more time with families
Page 36 and 37: operations, maintenance, and mannin
Page 38 and 39: EnergyIn 1975, the United States co
Page 40 and 41: General Motors has manufacturing fa
Page 42 and 43: immigration and drug smuggling by s
Page 44 and 45: This report is organized around six
Page 47: chapter 2Growth, Deregulation,and I
Page 50 and 51: Figure 2-2Economic Growth in the Un
Page 52 and 53: Growth of the Transportation System
Page 54 and 55: Figure 2-6Vehicle-Miles Traveled on
Page 56 and 57: Box 2-1ISTEA/TEA-21The Intermodal S
Page 58 and 59: Box 2-3TelecommutingEmerging techno
Page 60 and 61: Figure 2-11Urban Rail Systems in th
Page 62 and 63: Figure 2-12Transit Ridership: 1975-
Page 64 and 65: the Gulf Coast Corridor, New York
Page 66 and 67: Air Traffic Performance-Based Organ
Page 68 and 69: Figure 2-17U.S. Domestic and Intern
Page 70 and 71: Box 2-6Higher Profits for U.S. Airl
Page 72 and 73: Figure 2-21Regional/Commuter Passen
Page 74 and 75: Figure 2-24Fixed-Wing Piston Aircra
Page 76 and 77: The FAA, in cooperationwith NASA, i
Page 78 and 79: LaunchesIn 1999, narrow-body aircra
Page 80 and 81: Millions of short tonsFigure 2-34U.
Page 84 and 85: Figure 2-39Top 25 U.S. Container Po
Page 86 and 87: Figure 2-41U.S. Total Waterborne Co
Page 88 and 89: Significant deregulation legislatio
Page 90 and 91: the curtailed service in rural area
Page 92 and 93: Figure 2-45Railroad Network Showing
Page 94 and 95: direct flights to destinations and
Page 96 and 97: Figure 2-47International and Domest
Page 98 and 99: asis between shippers and carriers.
Page 100 and 101: Figure 2-48Total Ton-Miles of Freig
Page 102 and 103: Japan and Korea are still our major
Page 104 and 105: This shift from a “push” to a
Page 106 and 107: We may have to consider workforce-r
Page 108 and 109: Logistics Management and Distributi
Page 111: chapter 3Safety“ There is need fo
Page 114 and 115: Figure 3-1Total Fatalities in All M
Page 116 and 117: 7. do a better job of data collecti
Page 118 and 119: The USDOT human factors research in
Page 120 and 121: Figure 3-4Total Traffic Fatalities:
Page 122 and 123: Vehicle Rollover and Size Compatibi
Page 124 and 125: Box 3-2Pedestrian and Bicycle Trips
Page 126 and 127: Figure 3-9Alcohol-Related Traffic F
Page 128 and 129: Under TEA-21, some portion of feder
Page 130 and 131: Child Restraints: Standards for chi
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Demographic Characteristics (age)In
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Figure 3-18Crash Rate per 100,000 L
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Road CharacteristicsSafer Roads: Si
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Together, these systems provide an
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Automation of enforcement efforts
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By the mid-1980s, with deregulation
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Transit SafetyIn 1975, transit, lik
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Figure 3-28Total Train Incidents: 1
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Figure 3-31Rail-Related Fatality Ra
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Figure 3-34Number of Highway-Rail G
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Figure 3-35Fatal Commercial Air Tra
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In the early 1970s, the aviation in
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The program was enhanced by an agre
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Box 3-10 continued2,000 older, larg
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Figure 3-41Recreational Boating Acc
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systems for steering andmachinery m
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In addition to search and rescue ac
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communities with access to the info
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are growing. Smart pigs will be inc
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Regulations are issued by the USDOT
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Keys to the FutureA number of curre
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References23 CFR Part 1313. U.S. De
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U.S. Department of Transportation (
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_____. 2000c. Office of Investigati
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GlobalizationIn the last quarter-ce
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The Phenomenon of GlobalizationDuri
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Figure 4-4Foreign Direct Investment
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Mitsubishi Motor Sales of America,
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Table 4-4“Domestic” Vehicles Bu
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Table 4-5Top Selling Cars and Truck
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The European Union (EU) achieved fu
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Figure 4-6Open Skies Agreements wit
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Figure 4-8Foreign Residents Visitin
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The record growth of world travel h
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Figure 4-11Hull Loss Accident Rates
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integrated air and truck service. A
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traffic, will likely result in the
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Figure 4-18World Shipping Deliverie
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The world merchant fleet in 1975 co
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By 2025, U.S. ports must be prepare
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Figure 4-26Merchandise Exports to C
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through Laredo, Texas, increased 24
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approved for partnerships that woul
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Japan Automobile Manufacturers Asso
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U.S. Department of Transportation (
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chapter 5People, Energy, andthe Env
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Table 5-1Population and Passenger T
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carpools are now really family acti
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Figure 5-5Household Vehicle Ownersh
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Figure 5-8Commuting Flow: 1960-9045
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Box 5-2Access to Transportation for
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Figure 5-12Mode of Transportation b
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Figure 5-16Long-Distance Trip Makin
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Figure 5-18Estimated Percentage of
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transportation’s share of U.S. pe
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Figure 5-21Changes in the Energy In
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loss to the U.S. economy is equal t
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States’ gas hydrate resources alo
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Box 5-4Environmental JusticeCommuni
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Despite dramatic reductions in air
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Figure 5-27Particulate Emissions: 1
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cleaner industrial and electrical g
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Because transportation greenhouse g
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Other fuels show less promise at th
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The advent of increased environment
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eduction programs will be highly su
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A 1980s study estimated that 37 per
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and if we remain vigilant, we could
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Invasive Species: Transportation in
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Box 5-11Clinton-Gore Livable Commun
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Organization for Economic Cooperati
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_____. 2000a. National Air Quality
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chapter 6TechnologyDramatic develop
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U.S. and Allied forces with accurat
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the base station to monitor the ent
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The roots of ITS predate the establ
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Figure 6-36-16Projected The Largest
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Figure 6-4Deployment of Traffic Sig
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payment systems becomeintegrated wi
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Collision Avoidance and Warning Sys
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Computer dispatched paratransit veh
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Box 6-5Types of High-Speed Ground T
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Figure 6-16 6-10Projected Growth in
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Box 6-6 continuedIntelligent Railro
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military, and general aviation) to
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(“independent”) radars and seco
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USDOT, FAAUsing the Enhanced Traffi
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national deployment and as users eq
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Airport complexes (Reagan National,
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The methods used to gather and dist
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commodities, but intelligent contro
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chapter 7National Security“In the
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The nation’s ability to meet the
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Figure 7-1National Defense Reserve
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The Strategic Highway Network (STRA
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Figure 7-4Worldwide International T
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Figure 7-9Terrorist Attacks Against
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These acts of piracy accounted for
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Keys to the FutureTerrorism is a gr
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Box 7-2Aviation Security TrainingPr
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threat in the mid-1970s—the gover
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Threats to Maritime SecurityOur Nat
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Latin America and the Carribean Bas
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______. 1999. America’s Merchant
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Figure 2-41 U.S. Total Waterborne C
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Figure 5-1 Dependence Ratio: 1950-2
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appendix BAcronyms and Initialisms3
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LCDLEOLNGLPGLTLLTVsMaglevMARADMERCO
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appendix CGlossaryAir control facil
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Commuter air carrier: A small certi
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Geostationary orbit: Any orbit at a
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Loran: An electronic navigational s
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Seat-miles: The aircraft-miles flow
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Vessel feeder services: Cargo to/fr
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