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______. 1999. America’s Merchant Marine—Supporting America’s Armed Forces. Available athttp://www.marad.dot.gov/support%5Fforces.html, as of June 28, 2000.U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), Maritime Administration (MARAD), Office ofShip Operations. 2000a. The National Defense Reserve Fleet. Available at http://www.marad.dot.gov/offices/press-gm.htm, as of June 28, 2000.______. 2000b. The Ready Reserve Force. Available at http://www.marad.dot.gov/offices/PRESS-GM2.htm, as of June 28, 2000.U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), Office of the Secretary of Transportation (OST),Office of Intelligence and Security (OIS). 1999. Worldwide Terrorist and Violent Criminal AttacksAgainst Transportation—1998. Washington, DC.U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), U.S. Coast Guard (USCG). 1999. Coast GuardSeizes Record Amount of Cocaine Over Past Year, Press release. 30 September. Available athttp://www.dot.gov/affairs/1999/cg1699.htm, as of June 28, 2000.______. 2000. Deepwater Project. Available at http://www.uscg.mil/deepwater/, as ofAugust 8, 2000.The White House, Office of National Drug Control Poilicy. 1999. National Drug ControlStrategy 1999. Available at http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/policy/99ndcs/99ndcs.pdf, as of August 18, 2000.7-24
PageFigure 2-1 U.S. Population: l975-2025 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1Figure 2-2 Economic Growth in the United States: 1975-99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2Figure 2-3 Federal Budget Outlays and Receipts: 1975-2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3Figure 2-4 Productivity Trends for Transportation Industries: 1955-97 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3Figure 2-5 Vehicle-Miles Traveled (VMT): 1975-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5Figure 2-6 Vehicle-Miles Traveled on Highways: 1975-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6Figure 2-7 Percentage Deficient Bridges of Total Bridges: 1990-99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7Figure 2-8 Congestion in 68 Urban Areas: 1982-97 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9Figure 2-9 Annual Person-Hours of Delay Per Eligible Driver: 1982 and 1997 . . . . . . . 2-9Figure 2-10 New Technologies Drive Growth of Work at Home: 1990-99 . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10Figure 2-11 Urban Rail Systems in the United States: 1975 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12Figure 2-12 Transit Ridership: 1975-99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14Figure 2-13 Amtrak Passenger Rail System: 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16Figure 2-14 Amtrak Ridership: 1975-99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16Figure 2-15 Enplanements in Major Markets: 1975 and 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19Figure 2-16 Domestic Enplanements on U.S. Commercial Air Carriers: 1975-99 . . . . . 2-19Figure 2-17 U.S. Domestic and International Freight Revenue Ton-Miles: 1975-99 . . . 2-20Figure 2-18 Large Passenger Jet Aircraft in the U.S. Fleet: 1975-99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21Figure 2-19 Domestic Load Factor for Large Commercial Air Carriers: 1975-99 . . . . . . 2-21Figure 2-20 Regional/Commuter Airline Revenue Enplanements: 1975-99 . . . . . . . . . 2-23Figure 2-21 Regional/Commuter Passenger Aircraft Fleet: 1975-99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24Figure 2-22 Average Trip Length on Regional/Commuter Carriers: 1975-99 . . . . . . . . 2-24Figure 2-23 U.S. All-Cargo Fleet: 1975-99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25Figure 2-24 Fixed-Wing Piston Aircraft: 1975-99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26Figure 2-25 Fixed-Wing Turbine Aircraft: 1975-99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26Figure 2-26 Commercial Satellite Launches by Country: 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26Figure 2-27 Domestic Enplanements on U.S. Commercial Air Carriers:Projected—2000-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27Figure 2-28 U.S. Commercial Air Carriers’ Passenger Jet Aircraft:Projected—2000-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28Figure 2-29 Regional/Commuter Air Carrier Enplanements: Projected 2000-25 . . . . . 2-28Figure 2-30 Regional/Commuter Commercial Passenger Aircraft Fleet:Figure 2-31appendix AList of Figures and TablesProjected—2000-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29U.S. Domestic Air Freight Revenue Ton Miles:Projected—2000-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29Figure 2-32 Commercial Launches by Country: 1982-2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30Figure 2-33 U.S. Domestic Waterborne Trade: 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31Figure 2-34 U.S. Waterborne Foreign Trade: 1975-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32Figure 2-35 The St. Lawrence Seaway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32Figure 2-36 U.S. Inland Waterway System: 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-33Figure 2-37 World Container Vessel Fleet: 1994-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-35Figure 2-38 World Containerized Trade Moves: 1991-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-35Figure 2-39 Top 25 U.S. Container Ports: 1987 and 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-36Figure 2-40 The Largest Container Vessels: 1980-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-39A-1
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THE CHANGING FACE OF
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All material contained in this repo
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsChapter 1—Vision
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Chapter 6—Technology ............
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change. Secretary Slater challenged
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A Chronology of Vision and Vigilanc
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January 1999New Rule Revising USDOT
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Table 1-1Forecasts Past and Future1
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Technology has played a critical ro
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Today, highway vehicle-miles travel
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conventional classroom with the adv
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than predicted. The large differenc
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In 1975, the nation saw nearly 50,0
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FAA and NASA: Working Together on A
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traffic and more time with families
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operations, maintenance, and mannin
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EnergyIn 1975, the United States co
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General Motors has manufacturing fa
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immigration and drug smuggling by s
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This report is organized around six
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chapter 2Growth, Deregulation,and I
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Figure 2-2Economic Growth in the Un
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Growth of the Transportation System
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Figure 2-6Vehicle-Miles Traveled on
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Box 2-1ISTEA/TEA-21The Intermodal S
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Box 2-3TelecommutingEmerging techno
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Figure 2-11Urban Rail Systems in th
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Figure 2-12Transit Ridership: 1975-
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the Gulf Coast Corridor, New York
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Air Traffic Performance-Based Organ
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Figure 2-17U.S. Domestic and Intern
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Box 2-6Higher Profits for U.S. Airl
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Figure 2-21Regional/Commuter Passen
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Figure 2-24Fixed-Wing Piston Aircra
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The FAA, in cooperationwith NASA, i
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LaunchesIn 1999, narrow-body aircra
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Millions of short tonsFigure 2-34U.
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Table 2-1U.S. Oceangoing Merchant M
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Figure 2-39Top 25 U.S. Container Po
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Figure 2-41U.S. Total Waterborne Co
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Significant deregulation legislatio
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the curtailed service in rural area
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Figure 2-45Railroad Network Showing
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direct flights to destinations and
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Figure 2-47International and Domest
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asis between shippers and carriers.
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Figure 2-48Total Ton-Miles of Freig
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Japan and Korea are still our major
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This shift from a “push” to a
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We may have to consider workforce-r
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Logistics Management and Distributi
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chapter 3Safety“ There is need fo
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Figure 3-1Total Fatalities in All M
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7. do a better job of data collecti
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The USDOT human factors research in
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Figure 3-4Total Traffic Fatalities:
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Vehicle Rollover and Size Compatibi
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Box 3-2Pedestrian and Bicycle Trips
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Figure 3-9Alcohol-Related Traffic F
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Under TEA-21, some portion of feder
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Child Restraints: Standards for chi
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Demographic Characteristics (age)In
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Figure 3-18Crash Rate per 100,000 L
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Road CharacteristicsSafer Roads: Si
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Together, these systems provide an
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Automation of enforcement efforts
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By the mid-1980s, with deregulation
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Transit SafetyIn 1975, transit, lik
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Figure 3-28Total Train Incidents: 1
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Figure 3-31Rail-Related Fatality Ra
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Figure 3-34Number of Highway-Rail G
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Figure 3-35Fatal Commercial Air Tra
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In the early 1970s, the aviation in
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The program was enhanced by an agre
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Box 3-10 continued2,000 older, larg
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Figure 3-41Recreational Boating Acc
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systems for steering andmachinery m
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In addition to search and rescue ac
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communities with access to the info
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are growing. Smart pigs will be inc
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Regulations are issued by the USDOT
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Keys to the FutureA number of curre
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References23 CFR Part 1313. U.S. De
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U.S. Department of Transportation (
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_____. 2000c. Office of Investigati
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GlobalizationIn the last quarter-ce
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The Phenomenon of GlobalizationDuri
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Figure 4-4Foreign Direct Investment
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Mitsubishi Motor Sales of America,
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Table 4-4“Domestic” Vehicles Bu
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Table 4-5Top Selling Cars and Truck
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The European Union (EU) achieved fu
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Figure 4-6Open Skies Agreements wit
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Figure 4-8Foreign Residents Visitin
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The record growth of world travel h
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Figure 4-11Hull Loss Accident Rates
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integrated air and truck service. A
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traffic, will likely result in the
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Figure 4-18World Shipping Deliverie
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The world merchant fleet in 1975 co
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By 2025, U.S. ports must be prepare
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Figure 4-26Merchandise Exports to C
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through Laredo, Texas, increased 24
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approved for partnerships that woul
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Japan Automobile Manufacturers Asso
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U.S. Department of Transportation (
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chapter 5People, Energy, andthe Env
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Table 5-1Population and Passenger T
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carpools are now really family acti
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Figure 5-5Household Vehicle Ownersh
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Figure 5-8Commuting Flow: 1960-9045
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Box 5-2Access to Transportation for
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Figure 5-12Mode of Transportation b
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Figure 5-16Long-Distance Trip Makin
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Figure 5-18Estimated Percentage of
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transportation’s share of U.S. pe
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Figure 5-21Changes in the Energy In
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loss to the U.S. economy is equal t
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States’ gas hydrate resources alo
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Box 5-4Environmental JusticeCommuni
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Despite dramatic reductions in air
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Figure 5-27Particulate Emissions: 1
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cleaner industrial and electrical g
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Because transportation greenhouse g
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Other fuels show less promise at th
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The advent of increased environment
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eduction programs will be highly su
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A 1980s study estimated that 37 per
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and if we remain vigilant, we could
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Invasive Species: Transportation in
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Box 5-11Clinton-Gore Livable Commun
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Organization for Economic Cooperati
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_____. 2000a. National Air Quality
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chapter 6TechnologyDramatic develop
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U.S. and Allied forces with accurat
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the base station to monitor the ent
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The roots of ITS predate the establ
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Figure 6-36-16Projected The Largest
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Figure 6-4Deployment of Traffic Sig
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Page 297 and 298: Computer dispatched paratransit veh
Page 299 and 300: Box 6-5Types of High-Speed Ground T
Page 301 and 302: Figure 6-16 6-10Projected Growth in
Page 303 and 304: Box 6-6 continuedIntelligent Railro
Page 305 and 306: military, and general aviation) to
Page 307 and 308: (“independent”) radars and seco
Page 309 and 310: USDOT, FAAUsing the Enhanced Traffi
Page 311 and 312: national deployment and as users eq
Page 313 and 314: Airport complexes (Reagan National,
Page 315 and 316: The methods used to gather and dist
Page 317 and 318: commodities, but intelligent contro
Page 319: chapter 7National Security“In the
Page 322 and 323: The nation’s ability to meet the
Page 324 and 325: Figure 7-1National Defense Reserve
Page 326 and 327: The Strategic Highway Network (STRA
Page 328 and 329: Figure 7-4Worldwide International T
Page 330 and 331: Figure 7-9Terrorist Attacks Against
Page 332 and 333: These acts of piracy accounted for
Page 334 and 335: Keys to the FutureTerrorism is a gr
Page 336 and 337: Box 7-2Aviation Security TrainingPr
Page 338 and 339: threat in the mid-1970s—the gover
Page 340 and 341: Threats to Maritime SecurityOur Nat
Page 342 and 343: Latin America and the Carribean Bas
Page 346 and 347: Figure 2-41 U.S. Total Waterborne C
Page 348 and 349: Figure 5-1 Dependence Ratio: 1950-2
Page 351 and 352: appendix BAcronyms and Initialisms3
Page 353 and 354: LCDLEOLNGLPGLTLLTVsMaglevMARADMERCO
Page 355 and 356: appendix CGlossaryAir control facil
Page 357 and 358: Commuter air carrier: A small certi
Page 359 and 360: Geostationary orbit: Any orbit at a
Page 361 and 362: Loran: An electronic navigational s
Page 363 and 364: Seat-miles: The aircraft-miles flow
Page 365: Vessel feeder services: Cargo to/fr
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