TRANSPORTATION - BTS - Bureau of Transportation Statistics

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Figure 2-21Regional/Commuter Passenger Aircraft Fleet: 1975-992,5002,000TurbopropRegional jetAircraft1,5001,00050001975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1999Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office ofAirline Information (Washington, DC: Various years).Figure 2-22Average Trip Length on Regional/Commuter Carriers: 1975-99300250200Miles1501005001975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1999Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, WorkingPaper on Aerospace Capacity and Demand (Washington, DC: 2000).Today’s regional airlines are more aptly characterized as large, professionally managedbusinesses, operating state-of-the-art aircraft and poised for continued growth [USDOT BTSOAI n.d.(c)].Air Cargo: The demand for air cargo transportation has grown as economic activity hasincreased. Growth in air cargo activity has historically been strongly related to growth in theGross Domestic Product (GDP). By providing faster ways for businesses to deliver high-valuegoods to customers, air cargo transportation has become a major factor in economic growth.Air cargo has grown even faster than airline passenger traffic. The 6.1 percent annual growthin domestic freight RTMs from 1975 to 1999 was greater than the percent growth in RPMs(figure 2-17). Industry growth was primarily attributable to the growth of all-cargo carriers,which accounted for more than two-thirds of domestic freight RTMs in 1999 [USDOT BTS OAIn.d.(b)]. Federal Express and United Parcel Service are the two largest domestic all-cargocarriers. Both of these carriers are integrated carriers providing door-to-door service usingintermodal systems.2-24
Freight also is moved in the cargo-holds of passenger aircraft and in dedicated all-cargoaircraft. To meet the increased demand for air-freight traffic, the fleet of dedicated all-cargo jetaircraft increased from 70 aircraft in 1975 to 1,013 aircraft in 1999 (figure 2-23). The mostsignificant change in the fleet during the 1980s was the extensive use of Boeing 727 freightersdue to the rapid growth of integrated express carriers.General Aviation: Generalaviation—the use ofbusiness and corporateaircraft, personal aircraft,and air taxis—is in a periodof strong growth, with moreplanes flying, more newaircraft being delivered, andmore pilots earning theirlicenses. Even greaterincreases are projected forthe next quarter century[USDOT FAA OAPP 2000].Figure 2-23U.S. All-Cargo Fleet: 1975-991,2001,000800Aircraft600400After a decline in the early1990s, general aviationactivity increased 4.3 percentper year between 1996and 1999 [USDOT FAA2000b]. The turnaround in200019751980 1985 1990 1995 1999Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Working Paperon Aerospace Capacity and Demand (Washington, DC: 2000).general aviation is attributed to the U.S. economic expansion during the Clinton-Goreadministration, in 1993, President Clinton’s first trip to Everett, Washington, focused onbringing the aviation leaders together to foster growth in the industry after a seriousdownturn in prior year profits. The General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA)estimates that more than 7,000 U.S. companies operate business aircraft. Favorable economicconditions have improved the market demand for business jets, especially for larger aircraftwith ranges of more than 6,000 miles. In addition, fractional ownership, aircraft sharedamong several individuals or businesses, has contributed to the demand for business jets[GAMA 2000].Fixed-wing piston aircraft continue to dominate general aviation, currently accounting formore than 79 percent of the active fleet. Currently, the size of the fixed-wing piston fleet issimilar to that of 1975, but the industry is rebounding from a decline in the early 1990s(figure 2-24). The size of the fixed-wing turbine fleet has more than tripled since 1975, totaling12,700 in 1999 (figure 2-25).GAMA has estimated that more than 25,000 manufacturing jobs have been created in thegeneral aviation industry as a result of GARA. GARA limits the number of years for whichmanufacturers are liable for general aviation aircraft. The general aviation industry had beenin a dramatic decline in the 1980s—U.S. companies sold more than 17,000 piston aircraft in1979 and had dropped to less than 700 in 1999—citing the costs of liability insurance forolder aircraft as a major cause in this decline. GAMA also reports increases in generalaviation exports, new general aviation products due to increases in research and developmentby its members, and an increase in the number of student pilots [GAMA 1999].Commercial Space Transportation: Commercial space transportation did not exist in 1975.However, since the mid-1990s, commercial space-launch activities have grown as U.S. com–mercial companies responded to the increased global demand for commercial satellite-launch2-25
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THE CHANGING FACE OF
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All material contained in this repo
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsChapter 1—Vision
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Chapter 6—Technology ............
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change. Secretary Slater challenged
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A Chronology of Vision and Vigilanc
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January 1999New Rule Revising USDOT
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Table 1-1Forecasts Past and Future1
Page 22 and 23: Technology has played a critical ro
Page 24 and 25: Today, highway vehicle-miles travel
Page 26 and 27: conventional classroom with the adv
Page 28 and 29: than predicted. The large differenc
Page 30 and 31: In 1975, the nation saw nearly 50,0
Page 32 and 33: FAA and NASA: Working Together on A
Page 34 and 35: traffic and more time with families
Page 36 and 37: operations, maintenance, and mannin
Page 38 and 39: EnergyIn 1975, the United States co
Page 40 and 41: General Motors has manufacturing fa
Page 42 and 43: immigration and drug smuggling by s
Page 44 and 45: This report is organized around six
Page 47: chapter 2Growth, Deregulation,and I
Page 50 and 51: Figure 2-2Economic Growth in the Un
Page 52 and 53: Growth of the Transportation System
Page 54 and 55: Figure 2-6Vehicle-Miles Traveled on
Page 56 and 57: Box 2-1ISTEA/TEA-21The Intermodal S
Page 58 and 59: Box 2-3TelecommutingEmerging techno
Page 60 and 61: Figure 2-11Urban Rail Systems in th
Page 62 and 63: Figure 2-12Transit Ridership: 1975-
Page 64 and 65: the Gulf Coast Corridor, New York
Page 66 and 67: Air Traffic Performance-Based Organ
Page 68 and 69: Figure 2-17U.S. Domestic and Intern
Page 70 and 71: Box 2-6Higher Profits for U.S. Airl
Page 74 and 75: Figure 2-24Fixed-Wing Piston Aircra
Page 76 and 77: The FAA, in cooperationwith NASA, i
Page 78 and 79: LaunchesIn 1999, narrow-body aircra
Page 80 and 81: Millions of short tonsFigure 2-34U.
Page 82 and 83: Table 2-1U.S. Oceangoing Merchant M
Page 84 and 85: Figure 2-39Top 25 U.S. Container Po
Page 86 and 87: Figure 2-41U.S. Total Waterborne Co
Page 88 and 89: Significant deregulation legislatio
Page 90 and 91: the curtailed service in rural area
Page 92 and 93: Figure 2-45Railroad Network Showing
Page 94 and 95: direct flights to destinations and
Page 96 and 97: Figure 2-47International and Domest
Page 98 and 99: asis between shippers and carriers.
Page 100 and 101: Figure 2-48Total Ton-Miles of Freig
Page 102 and 103: Japan and Korea are still our major
Page 104 and 105: This shift from a “push” to a
Page 106 and 107: We may have to consider workforce-r
Page 108 and 109: Logistics Management and Distributi
Page 111: chapter 3Safety“ There is need fo
Page 114 and 115: Figure 3-1Total Fatalities in All M
Page 116 and 117: 7. do a better job of data collecti
Page 118 and 119: The USDOT human factors research in
Page 120 and 121: Figure 3-4Total Traffic Fatalities:
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Vehicle Rollover and Size Compatibi
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Box 3-2Pedestrian and Bicycle Trips
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Figure 3-9Alcohol-Related Traffic F
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Under TEA-21, some portion of feder
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Child Restraints: Standards for chi
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Demographic Characteristics (age)In
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Figure 3-18Crash Rate per 100,000 L
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Road CharacteristicsSafer Roads: Si
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Together, these systems provide an
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Automation of enforcement efforts
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By the mid-1980s, with deregulation
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Transit SafetyIn 1975, transit, lik
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Figure 3-28Total Train Incidents: 1
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Figure 3-31Rail-Related Fatality Ra
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Figure 3-34Number of Highway-Rail G
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Figure 3-35Fatal Commercial Air Tra
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In the early 1970s, the aviation in
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The program was enhanced by an agre
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Box 3-10 continued2,000 older, larg
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Figure 3-41Recreational Boating Acc
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systems for steering andmachinery m
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In addition to search and rescue ac
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communities with access to the info
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are growing. Smart pigs will be inc
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Regulations are issued by the USDOT
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Keys to the FutureA number of curre
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References23 CFR Part 1313. U.S. De
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U.S. Department of Transportation (
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_____. 2000c. Office of Investigati
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GlobalizationIn the last quarter-ce
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The Phenomenon of GlobalizationDuri
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Figure 4-4Foreign Direct Investment
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Mitsubishi Motor Sales of America,
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Table 4-4“Domestic” Vehicles Bu
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Table 4-5Top Selling Cars and Truck
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The European Union (EU) achieved fu
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Figure 4-6Open Skies Agreements wit
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Figure 4-8Foreign Residents Visitin
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The record growth of world travel h
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Figure 4-11Hull Loss Accident Rates
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integrated air and truck service. A
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traffic, will likely result in the
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Figure 4-18World Shipping Deliverie
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The world merchant fleet in 1975 co
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By 2025, U.S. ports must be prepare
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Figure 4-26Merchandise Exports to C
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through Laredo, Texas, increased 24
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approved for partnerships that woul
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Japan Automobile Manufacturers Asso
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U.S. Department of Transportation (
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chapter 5People, Energy, andthe Env
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Table 5-1Population and Passenger T
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carpools are now really family acti
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Figure 5-5Household Vehicle Ownersh
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Figure 5-8Commuting Flow: 1960-9045
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Box 5-2Access to Transportation for
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Figure 5-12Mode of Transportation b
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Figure 5-16Long-Distance Trip Makin
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Figure 5-18Estimated Percentage of
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transportation’s share of U.S. pe
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Figure 5-21Changes in the Energy In
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loss to the U.S. economy is equal t
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States’ gas hydrate resources alo
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Box 5-4Environmental JusticeCommuni
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Despite dramatic reductions in air
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Figure 5-27Particulate Emissions: 1
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cleaner industrial and electrical g
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Because transportation greenhouse g
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Other fuels show less promise at th
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The advent of increased environment
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eduction programs will be highly su
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A 1980s study estimated that 37 per
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and if we remain vigilant, we could
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Invasive Species: Transportation in
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Box 5-11Clinton-Gore Livable Commun
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Organization for Economic Cooperati
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_____. 2000a. National Air Quality
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chapter 6TechnologyDramatic develop
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U.S. and Allied forces with accurat
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the base station to monitor the ent
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The roots of ITS predate the establ
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Figure 6-36-16Projected The Largest
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Figure 6-4Deployment of Traffic Sig
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payment systems becomeintegrated wi
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Collision Avoidance and Warning Sys
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Computer dispatched paratransit veh
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Box 6-5Types of High-Speed Ground T
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Figure 6-16 6-10Projected Growth in
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Box 6-6 continuedIntelligent Railro
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military, and general aviation) to
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(“independent”) radars and seco
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USDOT, FAAUsing the Enhanced Traffi
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national deployment and as users eq
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Airport complexes (Reagan National,
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The methods used to gather and dist
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commodities, but intelligent contro
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chapter 7National Security“In the
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The nation’s ability to meet the
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Figure 7-1National Defense Reserve
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The Strategic Highway Network (STRA
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Figure 7-4Worldwide International T
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Figure 7-9Terrorist Attacks Against
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These acts of piracy accounted for
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Keys to the FutureTerrorism is a gr
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Box 7-2Aviation Security TrainingPr
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threat in the mid-1970s—the gover
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Threats to Maritime SecurityOur Nat
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Latin America and the Carribean Bas
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______. 1999. America’s Merchant
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Figure 2-41 U.S. Total Waterborne C
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Figure 5-1 Dependence Ratio: 1950-2
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appendix BAcronyms and Initialisms3
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LCDLEOLNGLPGLTLLTVsMaglevMARADMERCO
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appendix CGlossaryAir control facil
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Commuter air carrier: A small certi
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Geostationary orbit: Any orbit at a
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Loran: An electronic navigational s
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Seat-miles: The aircraft-miles flow
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Vessel feeder services: Cargo to/fr
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