BATTLEFIELD OF THE FUTURE

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INFORMATION WAR - CYBERWAR - NEIWAR Ronfeldt in their important essay, "Cyberwar is Comingl" 6 Their suggestions provide a thoughtful starting point for exploring the issues that surround "information war ." Netwar, according to them, is a societal-level ideational conflict waged in part through internetted modes of communication . That is, netwar is most likely to be a nation-against-nation strategic level conflict . Netwar is about ideas and epistemologywhat is known and how it is known . It would be waged largely through a society's communication systems . The target of netwar is the human mind . One could argue that certain aspects of the cold war had the characteristics of a dress rehearsal for future netwar . Consider, for example, Radio Free Europe, the Cominform, Agence France Presse, or the US Information Agency. But netwar may involve more than traditional state-to-state conflict. The emerging of nonstate political actors such as Greenpeace and Amnesty International, as well as survivalist militias or Islamic revivalists, all with easy access to worldwide computer networks for the exchange of information or the coordination of political pressure on a national or global basis, suggests that the governments may not be the only parties waging Information War. At first glance, netwar may appear to be a new word for old-fashioned propaganda . It would be comforting to believe that the "tried and true" methods (and limitations) of propaganda still worked . And the Gulf War showed that both Saddam Hussein and the Alliance were still of the old school . The war contained many elements of classic propaganda : accusations of bombed baby-milk factories and stolen baby incubators, inflated rhetoric and inflated stakes of the conflict; the future of the new world order and "the mother of battles" for the future of Islam ; and the classic "us or them" polarization in which "neutrality" or unenthusiastic support was decried . One element of traditional propaganda was absent, however, while Saddam Hussein became the "new Hitler" and President Bush was the "Great Satan," there was little demonization or dehumanization of the opponent . Perhaps the multicultural nature of the American-led alliance precluded turning the Iraqi army into something subhuman . Indeed, there may have been a spark of netwar genius in treating the Islamic Iraqi soldiers 155
BATTLEFIELD OF THE FUTURE as "brave men put into an impossible situation by a stupid leader ." Under such conditions, there is no dishonor in surrendering . And there may have been a glimpse of future netwar-it is rumored that Baghdad Radio signed on one morning with "The Star-Spangled Banner ." Traditional propaganda was usually targeted to influence a mass audience . Contemporary technologies have the potential to customize propaganda . Anyone who has received individually targeted advertising from a company specializing in "niche" marketing has had a momentary shudder upon realizing that some private companies seem to know everything about our tastes and buying habits . Contemporary databases and multiple channels for information transmission have created the opportunity for custom-tailored netwar attacks . Computer bulletin boards, cellular telephones, video cameras tied to fax machines-all provide entry points and dissemination networks for customized assault. A major new factor in information war results directly from the worldwide infosphere of television and broadcast news . Many people have begun to realize that governmental decisions are becoming increasingly reactive to a "fictive" universe created by, CNN and its various international competitors . This media-created universe is dubbed "fictive" rather than "fictional" because while what is shown may be "true," it is just not the whole, relevant, or contextual truth . And, of course, the close etymological relationship between "fictive" and "fictional" suggests how easy it is to manipulate the message . Nevertheless, this fictive universe becomes the politically relevant universe in societies in which the government or its military is supposed to "do something." Somalia gets in the news and the United States gets into Somalia despite the reality of equally disastrous starvation, disorder, and rapine right next door in Sudan . There were no reporters with "skylink" in Sudan because the government of Sudan issued no visas . The potential for governments, parties in a civil war such as Bosnia, rebels in Chiapis, or even nonstate interests to manipulate the multimedia, multisource fictive universe to "wage societal-level ideational conflicts" should be obvious .? 156
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BATTLEFIELD OF THE FUTURE 21st Cent
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To Keegie (eSchneider) who so fully
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Battlefield of the Future 21st Cent
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Acknowledgments We, the editors, wi
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Introduction This is a book about s
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the outset of a conflict. This will
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Chapter 1 Principles of War for the
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR by the proliferat
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR should not be eng
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR Some would argue
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR designed to fight
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR presenting the en
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR Col John Warden,
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR allied forces in
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR The enemy WMD thr
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR military operatio
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR politically in Ir
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR Moreover, as Sadd
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR The Principle of
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR Until the NASTI r
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR S - Simultaneity
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR effective logisti
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR organizations, el
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR Notes 1 . Rogue s
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR attempted to fost
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Overview : New Era Warfare? A Revol
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NEW ERAWARFARE? Patriot, which was
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Chapter 2 New-Era Warfare Gen Charl
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NEW-ERA WARFARE many nations that a
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NEW-ERAWARFARE brilliant decision o
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NEW-ERAWARFARE The United States ca
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NEW-ERA WARFARE Terminal-phase Inte
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NEW-ERAWARFARE have to fight for th
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NEW-ERAWARFARE might retaliate with
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NEW-ERAWARFARE Our nuclear-weapons
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NEW-ERAWARFARE to our disadvantage,
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Chapter 3 The Revolution in Militar
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THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS
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Overview : Future Airpower and Stra
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FUTURE AIRPOWER AND STRATEGY ISSUES
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Chapter 4 Air Theory for the Twenty
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Chapter 8 The Biological Weapon : A
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THEBIOLOGICAL WEAPON the terrorist
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THE BIOLOGICAL WEAPON Biological Wa
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THE BIOLOGICAL WEAPON Another incid
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THE BIOLOGICAL WEAPON The defector
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THE BIOLOGICAL WEAPON advanced prog
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THE BIOLOGICAL WEAPON agents may al
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THE BIOLOGICAL WEAPON higher by ord
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THE BIOLOGICAL-WEAPON terms of rapi
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THE BIOLOGICAL WEAPON they say the
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THE BIOLOGICALWEAPON 43 . "Biologic
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Chapter 9 Twenty-First Century Germ
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TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY GERM WARFARE u
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TWENTY-FIRST CENTURYGERM WARFARE fo
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'TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY GERM WARFARE
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BATTLEFIELD OF THE FUTURE the grisl
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BATTLEFIELD OF THE FUTURE pursue BW
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TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY GERM WARFARE c
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TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY GERM WARFARE i
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TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY GERM WARFARE b
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TWENTY-FIRST CENTURYGERM WARFARE ma
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TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY GERM WARFARE N
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Chapter 10 Biological Weapons for W
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BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS FORWAGING ECONOM
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BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS FOR WAGING ECONO
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BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS FOR WAGING ECONO
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Chapter 11 On Twenty-first Century
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warfare, space war, precision warfa
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example, where the United States as
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5,500 more . This group also had be
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About the Contributors James Blackw
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College . A retired US Navy command
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finishing a book on "Counterprolife
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BATTLEFIELD OF THE FUTURE

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