BATTLEFIELD OF THE FUTURE

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THE BIOLOGICAL WEAPON The defector said he personally had done research and solved difficult technical problems relating to the weaponization and deployment of biological warfare agents .37 This has since been confirmed officially by a representative of Saddam Hussein's present government . On 2 August 1990, when Iraqi army invaded Kuwait, the Iraqis had spent close to $100 million on their offensive biological warfare program and had a significant stockpile of biological warfare agents . 38 Saddam Hussein announced "loud and clear" that this war would be the "mother of all wars," implying a no-holds-barred engagement.39 This was the first time since World War II that the United States had faced a military adversary with a highly probable biological warfare capability and the resolve to use it .4o The United States was challenged not only with how to protect the military forces but how to preempt the use of Saddam's biological warfare arsenal . Plans for force protection included protective equipment and vaccinations against probable biological warfare threats .41 In addition, planners were challenged to determine a mechanism to destroy the biological warfare stockpiles before Saddam could deploy them . Dropping a precision-guided bomb on the suspected storage bunkers would have been easy enough . The real challenge was destroying the viability or utility of the biological weapons without spreading the agents and causing massive collateral damage in terms of human lives . The military was simply not prepared for this eventuality. Several tests were conducted over a very short time to try to find the right kind of enhanced munitions or bomb that would render the biological warfare agent unusable to the Iraqis and not release lethal agents into the atmosphere . The crash program was not fruitful . However, in the effort, computer modeling showed that the design of the suspected biological weapons storage bunkers offered a bombing approach that might inhibit the release of the agents . In the eleventh hour, this concept detailing specific fusing, type of bomb, and angle of attack was telephoned to the Central Command CENTCOM planners in Riyadh . 42 All suspected bunkers were attacked, and there was no confirmed collateral damage as a result of released biological agent . There was, however, one unconfirmed news report of several incidents of illness and 213
BATTLEFIELD OF THE FUTURE death in Iraqi guards after the coalition bombed a biological warfare facility in Baghdad .43 In the end, it appears that Saddam Hussein did not use biological weapons during Desert Storm . While the Iraqi rationale may never be known for certain, it is likely that they were deterred by public signals like the one Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney announced during a news conference on 23 December 1990 . 44 . . . Cheney said that "were Saddam Hussein foolish enough to use weapons of mass destruction, the US response would be absolutely overwhelming and it would be devastating."45 In an even more direct and unambiguous message, a 5 January 1991 letter President George Bush said to Saddam Hussein : "The United States will not tolerate the use of chemical or biological weapons . . . The American people would demand the strongest possible response . You and your country will pay a terrible price if you order unconscionable acts of this sort ."4s After the cease fire, Iraq officialsadmitted having a biological warfare program that they said had only progressed to the research stage . Inspectors found evidence of a robust biological warfare production capability, but could not specifically link it to the biological warfare program . However, there was overwhelming circumstantial evidence that an offensive biological warfare production and weaponization program did exist .47 Like the Soviet Union, Iraq had previously signed the BWC . The bad news is that United Nations inspectors were not able to locate Saddam's biological stockpile . 48 Saddam's representatives have since admitted to the United Nations inspectors that they had a sizable cache of anthrax and botulism agents, but they claim to have destroyed it to avoid having germs spread over the Iraqi countryside by allied bombing attacks . Having witnessed the bold Iraqi deceptive effort regarding their nuclear research program, the world has every reason to believe that Saddam Hussein still has a large amount of biological warfare agents at his disposal today .49 On 24 February 1993, former CIA Director James Woolsey told the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee : "Iraq's biological weapons capability is perhaps of greatest immediate concern . Baghdad had an 21 4
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BATTLEFIELD OF THE FUTURE 21st Cent
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To Keegie (eSchneider) who so fully
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Battlefield of the Future 21st Cent
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Acknowledgments We, the editors, wi
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Introduction This is a book about s
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the outset of a conflict. This will
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Chapter 1 Principles of War for the
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR by the proliferat
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR should not be eng
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR Some would argue
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR designed to fight
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR presenting the en
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR Col John Warden,
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR allied forces in
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR The enemy WMD thr
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR military operatio
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR politically in Ir
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR Moreover, as Sadd
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR The Principle of
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR Until the NASTI r
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR S - Simultaneity
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR effective logisti
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR organizations, el
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR Notes 1 . Rogue s
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR attempted to fost
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Overview : New Era Warfare? A Revol
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NEW ERAWARFARE? Patriot, which was
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Chapter 2 New-Era Warfare Gen Charl
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NEW-ERA WARFARE many nations that a
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NEW-ERAWARFARE brilliant decision o
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NEW-ERAWARFARE The United States ca
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NEW-ERA WARFARE Terminal-phase Inte
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NEW-ERAWARFARE have to fight for th
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NEW-ERAWARFARE might retaliate with
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NEW-ERAWARFARE Our nuclear-weapons
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NEW-ERAWARFARE to our disadvantage,
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Chapter 3 The Revolution in Militar
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THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS
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Overview : Future Airpower and Stra
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FUTURE AIRPOWER AND STRATEGY ISSUES
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Chapter 4 Air Theory for the Twenty
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AIRTHEORY FORTHE TWENTY-FIRST CENTU
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AIRTHEORY FORTHETWENTY-FIRST CENTUR
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AIRTHEORY FOR THETWENTY-FIRST CENTU
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AIR THEORY FORTHE TWENTY-FIRST CENT
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AIR THEORY FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CEN
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Chapter 5 Parallel War and Hyperwar
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PARALLEL WARAND HYPERWAR In this ta
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PARALLEL WAR AND HYPERWAR due to th
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PARALLEL WARAND HYPERWAR albeit som
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PARALLEL WARAND HYPERWAR are essent
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PARALLEL WARAND HYPERWAR The realit
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PARALLEL WARAND HYPERWAR Airpower-A
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PARALLEL WARAND HYPERWAR Defeating
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PARALLEL WARAND HYPERWAR " When att
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PARALLEL WARAND HYPERWAR SIOP, it i
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PARALLEL WAR AND HYPERWAR 11 . "Inf
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PARALLEL WARAND HYPERWAR mass in sp
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Overview : Information Warfare Issu
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INFORMATION WARFARE ISSUES per day;
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Chapter 6 Information War - Cyberwa
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INFORMATION WAR - CYBERWAR - NEIWAR
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INFORMATIONWAR - CYBERWAR - NETWAR
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INFORMATION WAR - CYBERWAR - NETWAR
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INFORMATION WAR - CYBERWAR - NETWAR
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BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS FOR WAGING ECONO
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Chapter 11 On Twenty-first Century
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warfare, space war, precision warfa
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example, where the United States as
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5,500 more . This group also had be
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About the Contributors James Blackw
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College . A retired US Navy command
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finishing a book on "Counterprolife
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BATTLEFIELD OF THE FUTURE

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