BATTLEFIELD OF THE FUTURE

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'TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY GERM WARFARE forces from the effects ofBW . Besides their medical benefit, their administration may deter an enemy from using BW . Role of Intelligence and Medical Defense The need for a prior knowledge of BW agent threats for both detectors and medical products has already been suggested . A great deal is known about US offensive BW agents developed and produced until 1969 (Table 2) . Table 2 US OFFENSIVE BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS AGENTS PRODUCED BETWEEN 19541969 Antipersonnel Anthrax Tularemia Brucellosis Q Fever Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) Botulinum Toxin Staphyloccal Enterotoxin Anticrop Wheat rust Rye rust Rice blast There are some classical BW agents which Japan, the United States, and possibly the former Soviet Union and Iraq have researched and developed as weapons . 14 Anthrax and botulinum toxin fall into this category. Among the 60 other potential BW agents, "sound and complete intelligence data" will play a vital role in ascertaining which ones proliferants will pursue . 15 Robert Gates, then director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), underscored the problem in January 1992, when he cited human intelligence as being critical in assessing the proliferation of both chemical and biological weapons in the third world . 16 233
BATTLEFIELD OF THE FUTURE Congress has not missed the importance of intelligence in focusing R&D . Congressional law mandates that BW defensive medical efforts be funded and prioritized based on a threat list developed by the US intelligence community. 17 Two questions emerge from this process . The first is whether adequate priority and resources have been focused on collecting and analyzing BW-related intelligence and how successful these efforts have been . The second is whether the process of creating a threat list based entirely on intelligence assessments is adequate . Assessing an adversary's current BW efforts may ignore developments in biotechnology which may offer breakthrough capabilities and novel agents . Weaponizing BW The final distinction between chemical and biological weapons involves the methods of dissemination . Weaponizing of CW and BW implies three essential elements : agent, munition, and delivery system . Both can be "weaponized" into conventional munitions such as artillery rounds, cluster bombs, and missile warheads . Unlike CW, BW weaponizing implies the efficient aerosolization of viable agents in a one-to-five micron particle size . Dissemination of BW agents by conventional munitions pose certain technological difficulties, because they are sensitive to environmental stresses . Excessive heat, ultraviolet light, humidity and oxidation decrease their potency and persistence . 18 The United States overcame these difficulties in the late 1960s to produce, weaponize, and stockpile several BW agents . 19 Weaponizing BW includes some unconventional delivery systems which may put the United States at risk . 2° In contrast to chemical agents, biological agents could also be easily adapted for use with commercially available agricultural sprayers . This dissemination method lends itself to both covert and clandestine applications and possible terrorist use .21 Unmanned remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs) with spray tanks represent another low-observable means ofBW delivery .22 A common characteristic shared by both chemical and biological agents is their dissemination on ancient meteorological 234
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BATTLEFIELD OF THE FUTURE 21st Cent
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To Keegie (eSchneider) who so fully
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Battlefield of the Future 21st Cent
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Acknowledgments We, the editors, wi
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Introduction This is a book about s
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the outset of a conflict. This will
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Chapter 1 Principles of War for the
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR by the proliferat
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR should not be eng
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR Some would argue
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR designed to fight
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR presenting the en
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR Col John Warden,
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR allied forces in
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR The enemy WMD thr
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR military operatio
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR politically in Ir
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR Moreover, as Sadd
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR The Principle of
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR Until the NASTI r
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR S - Simultaneity
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR effective logisti
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR organizations, el
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR Notes 1 . Rogue s
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PRINCIPLES OF WAR attempted to fost
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Overview : New Era Warfare? A Revol
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NEW ERAWARFARE? Patriot, which was
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Chapter 2 New-Era Warfare Gen Charl
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NEW-ERA WARFARE many nations that a
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NEW-ERAWARFARE brilliant decision o
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NEW-ERAWARFARE The United States ca
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NEW-ERA WARFARE Terminal-phase Inte
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NEW-ERAWARFARE have to fight for th
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NEW-ERAWARFARE might retaliate with
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NEW-ERAWARFARE Our nuclear-weapons
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NEW-ERAWARFARE to our disadvantage,
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Chapter 3 The Revolution in Militar
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THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS
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Overview : Future Airpower and Stra
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FUTURE AIRPOWER AND STRATEGY ISSUES
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Chapter 4 Air Theory for the Twenty
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AIRTHEORY FORTHE TWENTY-FIRST CENTU
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AIRTHEORY FORTHETWENTY-FIRST CENTUR
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AIRTHEORY FOR THETWENTY-FIRST CENTU
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AIR THEORY FORTHE TWENTY-FIRST CENT
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AIR THEORY FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CEN
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Chapter 5 Parallel War and Hyperwar
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PARALLEL WARAND HYPERWAR In this ta
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PARALLEL WAR AND HYPERWAR due to th
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PARALLEL WARAND HYPERWAR albeit som
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PARALLEL WARAND HYPERWAR are essent
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PARALLEL WARAND HYPERWAR The realit
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PARALLEL WARAND HYPERWAR Airpower-A
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PARALLEL WARAND HYPERWAR Defeating
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PARALLEL WARAND HYPERWAR " When att
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PARALLEL WARAND HYPERWAR SIOP, it i
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PARALLEL WAR AND HYPERWAR 11 . "Inf
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PARALLEL WARAND HYPERWAR mass in sp
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Overview : Information Warfare Issu
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INFORMATION WARFARE ISSUES per day;
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Chapter 6 Information War - Cyberwa
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INFORMATION WAR - CYBERWAR - NEIWAR
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INFORMATIONWAR - CYBERWAR - NETWAR
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INFORMATION WAR - CYBERWAR - NETWAR
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INFORMATIONWAR - CYBERWAR - NETWAR
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Chapter 7 Information Warfare : Imp
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INFORMATION WARFARE exploiting our
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INFORMATION WARFARE sufficient . He
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INFORMATION WARFARE now-whether the
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INFORMATION WARFARE it, convinced C
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INFORMATION WARFARE Jr.45 Conceived
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Page 208 and 209: INFORMATION WARFARE 68 . Petersen,
Page 210 and 211: Overview: Biological Warfare Issues
Page 212 and 213: BIOLOGICAL WARFARE ISSUES airliners
Page 214 and 215: Chapter 8 The Biological Weapon : A
Page 216 and 217: THEBIOLOGICAL WEAPON the terrorist
Page 218 and 219: THE BIOLOGICAL WEAPON Biological Wa
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Page 230 and 231: THE BIOLOGICAL-WEAPON terms of rapi
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Page 234 and 235: THE BIOLOGICALWEAPON 43 . "Biologic
Page 236 and 237: Chapter 9 Twenty-First Century Germ
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Page 246 and 247: BATTLEFIELD OF THE FUTURE pursue BW
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Page 278 and 279: warfare, space war, precision warfa
Page 280 and 281: example, where the United States as
Page 282 and 283: 5,500 more . This group also had be
Page 284 and 285: About the Contributors James Blackw
Page 286 and 287: College . A retired US Navy command
Page 288 and 289: finishing a book on "Counterprolife
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