Norsk svarteliste 2007
Last ned Norsk svarteliste 2007 - Artsdatabanken
Last ned Norsk svarteliste 2007 - Artsdatabanken
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Arbeidet i ekspertgruppene The work by the team of experts<br />
<strong>2007</strong> Norwegian Black List<br />
A) Fremmede arter i Norge (2466 arter)<br />
B) Stedegne arter spredt med menneskelig<br />
aktivitet i Norge (14 arter)<br />
C) Foredlete stedegne arter spredt i Norge (3 arter)<br />
Punkt B og C er ikke vurdert for karplanter. For andre<br />
grupper gir liste B og C ikke en fullstendig oversikt over<br />
stedegne og foredlete stedegne arter spredt i Norge,<br />
men er inkludert i arbeidet for å synliggjøre problemstillingene<br />
rundt begrepet fremmede arter. Det må<br />
settes i gang egne prosjekter for å gjøre disse listene mer<br />
komplette og utfyllende. Det vil også være nyttig å få en<br />
samlet oversikt over hvilke fremmede arter som er under<br />
spredning i våre naboland (”dørstokkarter”) og som<br />
med stor sannsynlighet vil kunne etablere seg i Norge.<br />
Risikovurderte fremmede arter<br />
For et utvalg av artene på oversikten er det gjennomført<br />
en vurdering av økologisk risiko, dvs. en vurdering av<br />
om den enkelte av de utvalgte fremmede artene kan<br />
ha en negativ effekt på stedegent biologisk mangfold.<br />
Begrepet stedegent biologisk mangfold inkluderer her<br />
alle nivå; stedegne genotyper, arter, habitater og økosystem.<br />
Totalt er det gjennomført en risikovurdering av<br />
217 fremmede arter. I underkant av 10 % av artene på<br />
den totale oversikten er vurdert (tabell 2). Medlemmene<br />
i ekspertgruppen har selv foretatt utvalget av artene som<br />
skulle risikovurderes og mange av de utvalgte artene<br />
er kjent for å ha negative effekter. For halvparten av artsgruppene<br />
er tilnærmet alle (80-100%) kjente fremmede<br />
arter i Norge vurdert. Risikovurderingene er gjennomført<br />
ved hjelp av et felles kriteriesett for plassering av<br />
arter i risikokategorier. Ekspertene benyttet databasen<br />
FremmedArtsBasen, som er utviklet på grunnlag av<br />
dette kriteriesettet.<br />
than 70 % of which were vascular plants (see Results<br />
for more details). One reason for this predominance of<br />
vascular plants on the list is that vascular plants have<br />
been documented in Norway for more than 150 years,<br />
based on specimens in herbaria and through the work<br />
done on ”Lid’s flora”. The trend in the vascular plant<br />
flora is constantly followed by professional and amateur<br />
botanists.<br />
The survey presented here (Appendix) is incomplete<br />
and does not cover every group of species. It must be<br />
looked upon as the start of a major, continuous task<br />
whose principal long-term objective is to close the existing<br />
gaps in knowledge regarding which alien species are<br />
found in Norway. Our knowledge is particularly poor<br />
as regards bacteria, pseudofungi, fungi and invertebrate<br />
animals. Only a small selection of bacteria, for example,<br />
has been included at this stage. Knowledge of the occurrence<br />
and distribution of invertebrate animals is on the<br />
whole poorer than for the rest of the Norwegian fauna.<br />
An updated survey of alien speciesis now includes 2483<br />
species and is divided into the following three lists (see<br />
the Appendices):<br />
A) Alien species in Norway (2466 species)<br />
B) Indigenous species spread by human activity in<br />
Norway (14 species)<br />
C) Improved indigenous species spread in Norway<br />
(3 species)<br />
B and C have not been evaluated for vascular plants,<br />
and for other groups, too, they fail to give complete<br />
coverage of such species that have spread in Norway.<br />
However, they are included to give some notion of the<br />
problems surrounding the concept of alien species. Separate<br />
projects must be started to make these lists more<br />
complete. It will also be useful to have a full survey of<br />
which alien species are spreading in our neighbouring<br />
countries (”door-knockers”) and will most likely be able<br />
to establish themselves in Norway.<br />
Risk-analysed alien species<br />
An ecological risk analysis, i.e. an evaluation of whether<br />
the species concerned may have a negative impact on<br />
indigenous biological diversity, has been carried out<br />
for a selection of species in the survey. The concept of<br />
indigenous biological diversity here includes every level:<br />
indigenous genotypes, species, habitats and ecosystems.<br />
A risk analysis has been performed for 217 alien species,<br />
which is just fewer than 10 % of the species in the total<br />
list (Table 2). Members of the team of experts have chosen<br />
the species that were to be risk analysed and many<br />
of these are known to have negative impacts. For half of<br />
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