The Network Society - University of Massachusetts Amherst

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These models that can be given the names of Silicon Valley, an open society model guided by the market; Singapore, the authoritarian information regime model; and, finally, the Finnish model of an information-welfare society. If classification of a society as an information society is based on a solid information technology at the infrastructure, production and knowledge levels, what position do these countries have in terms of these dimensions? Table 2.1 Technological Achievement Index (2001) Country TAI Position Group Spain 19 Potential Leaders Italy 20 Potential Leaders Czech Republic 21 Potential Leaders Hungary 22 Potential Leaders Slovakia 25 Potential Leaders Greece 26 Potential Leaders Portugal 27 Potential Leaders Poland 29 Potential Leaders Argentina 34 Potential Leaders Chile 37 Potential Leaders Uruguay 38 Dynamic Adopters Brazil 43 Dynamic Adopters Source: UNDP, 2001. Societies in Transition to the Network Society 29 Most of the countries classified here in terms of the technological development index in 2001 (UNDP, 2001) were in what we can call the second division of countries—the so-called potential leaders— whereby this second division is led by Spain (19th place) and Italy (20th). Brazil closed the list of countries in transition to the network society in analysis here. However, Brazil is worthy of special attention, for, according to the IMD (2004), if we consider the competitiveness dimension for the whole of Brazil, the country occupies 53rd place. If we consider only the state of São Paulo, where a number of high-potential technological centers are centered around the University of Campinas, the contribution to the GDP in 1998 amounted to roughly to one third of the Brazilian total, then the position of São Paulo at the global level places it in 47th place. However, this is by no means a peculiarity of Brazil, as, as far as societies in transition are concerned, there would seem to be geographic differences in terms of integration in the global economy.
30 The Network Society Table 2.2a International comparisons in the field of technology Czech Advanced Finland USA Singapore Portugal Spain Italy Rep. economies Infrastructure Machines connected to the Internet (per 10,000 inh.) 1 1707.25(3) 3714.01(1) 478.18 239.28 133.24 117.28 209.78 819.15 Mobile phone contracts (per 1,000 inh.) 2 867 488 796 825 824 939 849 740 Production High technology exports as a percentage of the total exports 2 24 32 60 7 7 9 14 21 Electronic commerce (secure servers per 100,000 inhabitants) 3 14.9 33.28 (1) 17.31 2.34 3.2 2.2 3.8 16.3 Growth rate for secure servers, 1998-2001 (%) 656 397 527 600 358 460 796 555 Ratio between hosts and secure servers (2001) 1144 1139 357 1054 423 527 541 692 Knowledge Internet users (%) (2001) 4 75.95 71.1 40.8 37.79 35.45 53.21 46.51 53 Ratio of participation of the higher education student population in sciences (%)* 37 13,9 24,2 31 31 28 34 25,0 Scientist and engineers in R&D (per thousand persons) 2 7110 4099 4052 1754 1948 1128 1466 2778 PISA Test—mathematical literacy 544 (2) 483 (25) – 466 (29) 485 (25) 466 (29) 516 (12) 504 PISA Test—scientific literacy 548 (1) 491 (20) – 468 (31) 487 (22) 486 (22) 523 (5) 510 *UNESCO definition for the indicator in question: “gross enrollment in tertiary education—total enrolment in tertiary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population in the five-year age group following the secondary-school leaving age.” Source: 1 Values for all countries taken from World Indicators, ITU, http://www.itu.int/itunews/issue/2002/04/table4.html; 2 Values for all countries take from the UNDP Human Development Report 2004; 3 Values obtained by Netcraft in December 2001: http://www.atkearney.com/shared_res/pdf/Secure_servers_2002_S.pdf; 3 Host values taken from World Indicators, ITU http://www.itu.int/itunews/issue/2002/04/table4.html; 4 ESS Data 2003, WIP 2004 and http://www.internetworldstats.com/ stats2.htm ; 5 Adapted from Castells and Himanen, 2002, except for data for Portugal, taken from the UNDP Human Development Report
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The Network Society From Knowledge
Page 3 and 4: Castells, Manuel and Cardoso, Gusta
Page 5 and 6: iv The Network Society Part III: Or
Page 8 and 9: Figures Figure 2.1—Businesses usi
Page 10 and 11: Tables Table 2.1—Technological Ac
Page 12 and 13: Notes on Contributors Jorge Sampaio
Page 14 and 15: Notes on Contributors xiii and Inst
Page 16 and 17: Notes on Contributors xv Francois B
Page 18 and 19: Acknowledgements Although dealing w
Page 20 and 21: Editor’s Preface This volume expl
Page 22 and 23: Editor’s Preface xxi analysis of
Page 24 and 25: Editor’s Preface xxiii in a diffe
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Information Technology and the Worl
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ut steadily for the region as a who
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input rose after 1995 from 0.72 per
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ution of IT investment after 1995 r
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Reports. We assume that IT capital
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North Africa and Middle-East (11 Ec
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Innovation, Technology and Producti
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joint knowledge production—a role
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sonnel, realization of the Barcelon
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5. Activating Innovation Innovation
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Part III Organizational Reform and
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Uses of Internet and Mobile Technol
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Portuguese on line and making it re
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including those that deal with chro
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2002). This study demonstrates that
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Bibliography Uses of Internet and M
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E-Learning and the Transformation o
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Introduction Chapter 9 The IP TV Re
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The IP TV Revolution 243 in every m
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Figure 9.2 Nevius Media Center Serv
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money. To understand this we must l
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Table 9.1 Downward Internet Streami
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Distributors In a new world media o
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Talent The IP TV Revolution 253 It
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Free Software and Social and Econom
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A New Form of Production Free Softw
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the rich countries and those of the
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Internet and Society in a Global Pe
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The World Internet Project is based
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Internet Users Watch Less Televisio
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less. Would they watch the same amo
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tainment and the ways in which usag
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Part VI: Policies of Transition to
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Introduction Policies of Transition
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European countries embraced ICT lat
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Policies of Transition to the Netwo
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The first ‘i’ is for informatio
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Chapter 17 ICT as a Part of the Chi
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ICT as a Part of the Chilean Strate
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