The Network Society - University of Massachusetts Amherst

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Societies in Transition to the Network Society 41 Table 2.8 International comparison of Internet use per age group (%) United Kingdom Portugal Germany Hungary Italy Japan Korea Spain USA 16 to 24 yrs 80.1 58.8 59.6 45.1 66.4 80.6 95.1 70.2 90.8 35 to 44 yrs 72.8 30.4 55.6 13.7 37.4 63.0 49.5 31.7 74.5 55 to 64 yrs 38.7 5.4 31.6 4.3 9.0 22.2 11.5 11.7 67.3 Source: CIES, Network Society in Portugal Survey, 2003 for Portugal; for all other countries: WIP (World Internet Project) The age dimension also can be used for comparison not only at the European level, for European, American and Asian societies all offer the possibility of comparative inter-generational analyses. Italy figures as a country in an intermediate position between information societies such as Germany, the United Kingdom, Japan and the USA and other societies in transition such as Portugal, Spain and Hungary. The explanation for these differences between the generations in using the Internet seems, for the societies in transition, to lie mostly in the difference in the possession of basic forms of literacy, whereas in the more developed information societies the differences probably have more to do with the availability of contents that adapt to the interests of all generations and, furthermore, the dimension of the sociability networks that the technology can offer to more senior citizens. All the factors analyzed so far in the infrastructure, production and knowledge dimensions and also those relating to acquired skills, employment structure and predominance of low and medium technology areas in the economy, are also reflected in the economies’ compared productivity levels and their GDP per capita. On a competitiveness index of 0-100, where the average for the advanced economies is 74 points, the societies in transition under analysis here occupy varied positions. Chile (26th), Spain (31st), Portugal (39th) and Slovakia (40th) are amongst the top forty countries or regions, while the remaining countries occupy positions between 42nd (Hungary) and 59th (Argentina). Whereas the Portuguese GDP per capita represents 67% of the average for the advanced economies, placing it amongst the top thirty countries in an international comparison (together with Spain, Italy and Greece), the other countries (with the exception of the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary) present values below 30% of the GDP per capita of the G7 economies.
42 The Network Society Table 2.9 International comparison of informational development indicators Finland USA Singapore Chile Spain Portugal Slovakia Hungary Competitiveness (scale 0-100) 1 83 (8) 100 (1) 89 (2) 69 (26) 67 (31) 58 (39) 57 (40) 57 (42) GDP per capita (US $) 2 26,190 35,750 24,040 9,820 21,460 18,280 12,840 13,400 Stock market capitalization growth, 1996-2000 (%) 3 894 429 n.d. 70.7 70.4 35.1 7.9 20.2 Investment in R&D as a % of GDP (2001) 4 3.4(2) 2.8 2.1 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.9 Investment in knowledge as a % of GDP (2000) 5 6.2 6.8 – – 2.5 2.2 2.4 3.1 Revenue derived from intellectual property and licences (US $ per 1,000 inh.) 4 107.5 (5) 151.7 (4) – 0.4 9.0 3.1 – 35.3
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The Network Society From Knowledge
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Castells, Manuel and Cardoso, Gusta
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iv The Network Society Part III: Or
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Figures Figure 2.1—Businesses usi
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Tables Table 2.1—Technological Ac
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Notes on Contributors Jorge Sampaio
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Notes on Contributors xiii and Inst
Page 16 and 17: Notes on Contributors xv Francois B
Page 18 and 19: Acknowledgements Although dealing w
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North Africa and Middle-East (11 Ec
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Innovation, Technology and Producti
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joint knowledge production—a role
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sonnel, realization of the Barcelon
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5. Activating Innovation Innovation
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Uses of Internet and Mobile Technol
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Portuguese on line and making it re
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including those that deal with chro
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2002). This study demonstrates that
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Bibliography Uses of Internet and M
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E-Learning and the Transformation o
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Introduction Chapter 9 The IP TV Re
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The IP TV Revolution 243 in every m
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Figure 9.2 Nevius Media Center Serv
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money. To understand this we must l
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Distributors In a new world media o
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Free Software and Social and Econom
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A New Form of Production Free Softw
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the rich countries and those of the
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Internet and Society in a Global Pe
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The World Internet Project is based
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Internet Users Watch Less Televisio
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less. Would they watch the same amo
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tainment and the ways in which usag
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Part VI: Policies of Transition to
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Introduction Policies of Transition
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European countries embraced ICT lat
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Policies of Transition to the Netwo
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The first ‘i’ is for informatio
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Chapter 17 ICT as a Part of the Chi
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ICT as a Part of the Chilean Strate
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