The Network Society - University of Massachusetts Amherst

Table 2.12 International comparison of citizenship indicators
Advanced
Hungary Greece Poland Chile Argentina Uruguay Brazil Economies
Freedom of the 35 36
press (index 20 28 19 23 (partially 26 (partially
0-100; 0 = free) 1
(free) (free) (free) (free) free) free) free) 94
Gender equality
(0-1,000, 529 523 606 460 645 511
0 = unequal) 2
(39) (43) (27) (58) (21) (46) – 83
29 57 25 50 42.5 – – 53
Membership of at
least one
association (%) 3
Societies in Transition to the Network Society 51
22 21 18 22.5 15.5 – – 32
Social trust (%) 7
165 82 209 204 148 209 183 126
Inmate population
(per 100,000 inh.) 4
3 5 5.4 1 3.8 2.7 0.3 8.8
Foreigners or
persons born
abroad (% of
population) 5
5.4 8.5 7.8 3.9 3.9 1.6 1.8 10.6
Environment: CO2 emission (metric
tons per capita) 2
Source: 1 Adapted from Castells and Himanen (2002), all data from the Press Freedom Survey 2003 : http://www.freedomhouse.org/; 2 Adapted
from Castells and Himanen (2002), except data for Portugal, which are taken from the UNDP Human Development Report 2001; 3 Adapted from
Castells and Himanen (2002), except data on Portugal, which are taken from Cardoso et Al., 2004, A Sociedade em Rede em Portugal (The
Network Society in Portugal), CIES; 4 For all countries: International Centre for Prison Studies, King’s College: http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/rel/
icps/worldbrief/highest_to_lowest_rates.php; 5 Adapted from Castells and Himanen 2002, except data for Portugal which were taken from the
National Statistics Office’s (INE) population report. Note: (*) relative position.