INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILD CARE IN URBAN SOUTH AFRICA

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THESIS ABSTRACT Philippe Lazaro Master of Arts International Studies December 2016 Title: Institutionalized Child Care in Urban South Africa: Exploring the Complexities of a Johannesburg Care Center for Orphans and Vulnerable Youth In the developing world, child care institutions involve more complexity than is typically reflected by the word “orphanage.” Oftentimes, institutions play a partial role in a child’s development by contributing towards childcare in collaboration with a relative, an ill parent, or nearby kin. Through a primarily ethnographic study, I sought to understand and relay the nuances of a child care center during the stages of intake and early childhood, middle childhood, and late adolesence and outward transition, I explored how children overcome traumatic pasts with the help of the center, how the center struggles with the material burdens of providing to children with a wide array of needs, and how the process of transitioning into adulthood is handled by the children and their caretakers. In conclusion, I explore the non-negotiable elements of the center’s child care and make recommendations for institutions in a similar context as well as future research. iv
NAME OF AUTHOR: Philippe Lazaro CURRICULUM VITAE GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE SCHOOLS ATTENDED: University of Oregon, Eugene University of California, Santa Barbara DEGREES AWARDED: Master of Arts, International Studies, 2016, University of Oregon Master of Nonprofit Management, 2016, University of Oregon Bachelor of Arts, Global Studies, 2012, University of California, Santa Barbara Bachelor of Arts, Communications, 2012, Universtiy of California, Santa Barbara PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: Graduate Teaching Fellow, University of Oregon, 2014-2016 Eugene, OR – Provided instruction for International Studies courses. Project Specialist, Mobility International, USA, 2015 Eugene, OR – Oversaw RightsNow! Project for disability rights. Teacher, Emerson Middle School, 2013-2014 Bakersfield, CA – Provided classroom instruction for special needs students. Regional Representative, Liberty in North Korea, 2012 Long Beach, CA – Spoke at universities and groups across 13 states. Clinician, Koegel Autism Center, 2011-2012 Santa Barbara, CA – Led interventions for children with autism. GRANTS, AWARDS, AND HONORS: Thurber Award, University of Oregon, 2015 Promising Scholar Award, University of Oregon, 2014 v
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Page 3: © 2016 Philippe Lazaro iii
Page 7 and 8: Lastly, none of this would have bee
Page 9 and 10: TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. I
Page 11 and 12: Chapter Page Interpreting Findings
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Nkho
Page 15 and 16: with low resources. The popular per
Page 17 and 18: hemisphere in terms of aid and char
Page 19 and 20: and reports involving South African
Page 21 and 22: view that demonstrating compassiona
Page 23 and 24: understand the complexities surroun
Page 25 and 26: For the sake of consistency, the te
Page 27 and 28: Christianity served as a driving fa
Page 29 and 30: In Uganda, many non-governmental or
Page 31 and 32: childhood. (Emihovich, 2006) A comm
Page 33 and 34: this time period, the communist nat
Page 35 and 36: the later part of the twentieth cen
Page 37 and 38: International attention and policie
Page 39 and 40: parental adult figures active in ch
Page 41 and 42: societies do not have an option and
Page 43 and 44: culture, where things, concepts, an
Page 45 and 46: uses of the term are fluid, confirm
Page 47 and 48: “When people start an orphanage,
Page 49 and 50: features of South African townships
Page 51 and 52: elatives and inherited kin. (MacLel
Page 53 and 54: Taking into account the wide variet
Page 55 and 56:
criminality one of the most urgent
Page 57 and 58:
2012) In a study on mental health p
Page 59 and 60:
One substantial exception to this t
Page 61 and 62:
CHAPTER III METHODS Design of the R
Page 63 and 64:
In order to ensure an ethical appro
Page 65 and 66:
facilities before beginning a long
Page 67 and 68:
teacher, a care mother, a social wo
Page 69 and 70:
facilitators gain insight into the
Page 71 and 72:
knowledge. Images were observed for
Page 73 and 74:
South Africa, I wondered if that wa
Page 75 and 76:
needy, and destitute.” In most of
Page 77 and 78:
This flow of thought most accuratel
Page 79 and 80:
a large staff to meet the variety o
Page 81 and 82:
certain nutrients.” The children
Page 83 and 84:
portion of its revenue from investm
Page 85 and 86:
and critical to address. Organizing
Page 87 and 88:
would help to paint a picture of th
Page 89 and 90:
themselves. It was through them tha
Page 91 and 92:
majority. Marc claimed that Johanne
Page 93 and 94:
inferred that Nkokheli’s artistic
Page 95 and 96:
Crisis-Affected Families Health and
Page 97 and 98:
children. In the case of Zukela, a
Page 99 and 100:
depression were commonly reported.
Page 101 and 102:
paperwork and bureaucracy that come
Page 103 and 104:
you upset, just don’t think about
Page 105 and 106:
not explicity prohibit corporal pun
Page 107 and 108:
the year, going as far back as 2010
Page 109 and 110:
After spending a large amount of ti
Page 111 and 112:
“My dad is still alive,” Xolani
Page 113 and 114:
siblings. This became particularly
Page 115 and 116:
of terminology reflected the porous
Page 117 and 118:
the children seem to have difficult
Page 119 and 120:
them who could be on a similar traj
Page 121 and 122:
to be addressed. Unlike with psycho
Page 123 and 124:
The episode of expulsion clearly re
Page 125 and 126:
candy house, a pair of women’s sh
Page 127 and 128:
ecent life updates, he rolled up hi
Page 129 and 130:
children at the center. Many of the
Page 131 and 132:
Part of the reason for such an earl
Page 133 and 134:
I asked Sarah about the large numbe
Page 135 and 136:
difficult for me to provide help wi
Page 137 and 138:
CHAPTER VII THE END OF CHILDHOOD (A
Page 139 and 140:
away in the earlier part of the yea
Page 141 and 142:
My multiple-hours-long interaction
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encouragement to the younger ones.
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in financial habits. Collectivism e
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Upward mobility Cases like Lindela,
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however it inevitably played a cruc
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where this transition even begins.
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what is the center committed to do
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shelter, a top expectation of the c
Page 157 and 158:
his contribution as a gardener, alt
Page 159 and 160:
passages of scripture relevant to c
Page 161 and 162:
somewhat parallel to the experience
Page 163 and 164:
to visit the United States on a fun
Page 165 and 166:
intake, families are typically assu
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organizations that take aim at the
Page 169 and 170:
CHAPTER IX CONCLUSION After the Stu
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the background that the children ar
Page 173 and 174:
variation as to how the effects of
Page 175 and 176:
institutionalized child care. Signi
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towards a more inclusive title. The
Page 179 and 180:
organizations. This project takes f
Page 181 and 182:
forward another suggestion: looking
Page 183 and 184:
As these children, often from disad
Page 185 and 186:
APPENDIX A. List of Subjects Interv
Page 187 and 188:
1) What is your age and what year a
Page 189 and 190:
3) What do you do after you eat? 4
Page 191 and 192:
12) What sorts of services do the c
Page 193 and 194:
10) What are the biggest threats to
Page 195 and 196:
10) Do you think the children are g
Page 197 and 198:
Barbarin, O. A., & Richter, L. (200
Page 199 and 200:
aid and democracy promotion (pp. 21
Page 201 and 202:
AIDS-orphaned children in Cape Town
Page 203 and 204:
Drah, B.B., (2014). Queen mothers,
Page 205 and 206:
Address the Needs of Orphans and Ot
Page 207 and 208:
Education. 45(1-2), pp. 51-66. John
Page 209 and 210:
Maslow, A.H. (1948) A Theory of Hum
Page 211 and 212:
Mnubi-Mchombu, C., Mostert, J., Och
Page 213 and 214:
Olanrewaju, A.D., Jeffery, C., Cros
Page 215 and 216:
Ramphele, M. (2002) Steering by the
Page 217 and 218:
Schene, P. A. (1998). Past, present
Page 219 and 220:
Tagurum, Y. O.; Chirdan, O. O.; Bel
Page 221 and 222:
Psychology and Psychiatry, 11(2), p
Page 223 and 224:
210
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INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILD CARE IN URBAN SOUTH AFRICA

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