INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILD CARE IN URBAN SOUTH AFRICA

Recommendations

Info

The girls from the shack that had caught fire, the homeless family whose father had mysteriously disappeared, and the children being raised by a mentally ill grandmother all originated from townships around Johannesburg. I spent time talking to Lindikhaya, an eighteen year old who had just aged out of the center and had returned to the nearby township of Fine Town to live with his brother. When I asked him about life in a township, he offered a simple description: “It’s a place where you can find anything happening. Things are always crazy.” It struck me that he did not mention the high crime rates associated with townships, or the lack of infrastructure, but simply that life was unpredictable. This was in spite of an incident about a year prior in which Lindikhaya was stabbed during an attempted robbery. Unpredictability is an appropriate word to associate with the townships. These areas are where South Africa’s high poverty and unemployment rates are most drastically felt, which leads to an impressive amount of original entrepreunrial activity. While infrastructure is underdeveloped, it isn’t uncommon to see people attempt to make limited water and electricity go further by opening small home-businesses in one room shacks. These can often include taverns crammed with an alcohol selection, makeshift tables, and a large screen television. I was especially interested in how these settings were perceived by children who had experienced living there, as well as in a different setting. I asked a twelve year old at the center, Nkokheli, to draw me a picture of where he grew up, he drew a scene that resembled a typical house with a family inside, although several large possessions were crammed into a small single room. From my interpretation, the drawing resembled a Western suburban house more than anything I would expect to see in a township. I 79
inferred that Nkokheli’s artistic interpretation may have beeen loosely based on actual experiences that were blended with Western conventions for how things should be drawn. Marc suggested that I pay a visit to a township where he had lived, Alexandra. It is one of the largest townships in Johannesburg, and one of its most famous as a former residence of Nelson Mandela. Marc and Xolani both enthusiastically recommended that I take a visit. Pastor Mike agreed that it would be an enlightening experience, however he asked a security guard at the center, Evan, to drive me through it without stopping. It should be noted that Pastor Mike and Evan were both South Africans of Indian heritage, who held different perceptions regarding the relative safety of the township compared to Marc and Xolani. As I drove through, I noted the chaotic and crowded environment. Narrow streets were bordered by shanty-style homes, often made from tin scraps or cinder block. I also noticed small areas of commerce, including a barber shop that consisted of a single chair. These areas were particularly congested with pedestrian traffic, including the goat that 80
Page 1 and 2:
INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILD CARE IN URB
Page 3 and 4:
© 2016 Philippe Lazaro iii
Page 5 and 6:
NAME OF AUTHOR: Philippe Lazaro CUR
Page 7 and 8:
Lastly, none of this would have bee
Page 9 and 10:
TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. I
Page 11 and 12:
Chapter Page Interpreting Findings
Page 13 and 14:
LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Nkho
Page 15 and 16:
with low resources. The popular per
Page 17 and 18:
hemisphere in terms of aid and char
Page 19 and 20:
and reports involving South African
Page 21 and 22:
view that demonstrating compassiona
Page 23 and 24:
understand the complexities surroun
Page 25 and 26:
For the sake of consistency, the te
Page 27 and 28:
Christianity served as a driving fa
Page 29 and 30:
In Uganda, many non-governmental or
Page 31 and 32:
childhood. (Emihovich, 2006) A comm
Page 33 and 34:
this time period, the communist nat
Page 35 and 36:
the later part of the twentieth cen
Page 37 and 38:
International attention and policie
Page 39 and 40:
parental adult figures active in ch
Page 41 and 42: societies do not have an option and
Page 43 and 44: culture, where things, concepts, an
Page 45 and 46: uses of the term are fluid, confirm
Page 47 and 48: “When people start an orphanage,
Page 49 and 50: features of South African townships
Page 51 and 52: elatives and inherited kin. (MacLel
Page 53 and 54: Taking into account the wide variet
Page 55 and 56: criminality one of the most urgent
Page 57 and 58: 2012) In a study on mental health p
Page 59 and 60: One substantial exception to this t
Page 61 and 62: CHAPTER III METHODS Design of the R
Page 63 and 64: In order to ensure an ethical appro
Page 65 and 66: facilities before beginning a long
Page 67 and 68: teacher, a care mother, a social wo
Page 69 and 70: facilitators gain insight into the
Page 71 and 72: knowledge. Images were observed for
Page 73 and 74: South Africa, I wondered if that wa
Page 75 and 76: needy, and destitute.” In most of
Page 77 and 78: This flow of thought most accuratel
Page 79 and 80: a large staff to meet the variety o
Page 81 and 82: certain nutrients.” The children
Page 83 and 84: portion of its revenue from investm
Page 85 and 86: and critical to address. Organizing
Page 87 and 88: would help to paint a picture of th
Page 89 and 90: themselves. It was through them tha
Page 91: majority. Marc claimed that Johanne
Page 95 and 96: Crisis-Affected Families Health and
Page 97 and 98: children. In the case of Zukela, a
Page 99 and 100: depression were commonly reported.
Page 101 and 102: paperwork and bureaucracy that come
Page 103 and 104: you upset, just don’t think about
Page 105 and 106: not explicity prohibit corporal pun
Page 107 and 108: the year, going as far back as 2010
Page 109 and 110: After spending a large amount of ti
Page 111 and 112: “My dad is still alive,” Xolani
Page 113 and 114: siblings. This became particularly
Page 115 and 116: of terminology reflected the porous
Page 117 and 118: the children seem to have difficult
Page 119 and 120: them who could be on a similar traj
Page 121 and 122: to be addressed. Unlike with psycho
Page 123 and 124: The episode of expulsion clearly re
Page 125 and 126: candy house, a pair of women’s sh
Page 127 and 128: ecent life updates, he rolled up hi
Page 129 and 130: children at the center. Many of the
Page 131 and 132: Part of the reason for such an earl
Page 133 and 134: I asked Sarah about the large numbe
Page 135 and 136: difficult for me to provide help wi
Page 137 and 138: CHAPTER VII THE END OF CHILDHOOD (A
Page 139 and 140: away in the earlier part of the yea
Page 141 and 142: My multiple-hours-long interaction
Page 143 and 144:
encouragement to the younger ones.
Page 145 and 146:
in financial habits. Collectivism e
Page 147 and 148:
Upward mobility Cases like Lindela,
Page 149 and 150:
however it inevitably played a cruc
Page 151 and 152:
where this transition even begins.
Page 153 and 154:
what is the center committed to do
Page 155 and 156:
shelter, a top expectation of the c
Page 157 and 158:
his contribution as a gardener, alt
Page 159 and 160:
passages of scripture relevant to c
Page 161 and 162:
somewhat parallel to the experience
Page 163 and 164:
to visit the United States on a fun
Page 165 and 166:
intake, families are typically assu
Page 167 and 168:
organizations that take aim at the
Page 169 and 170:
CHAPTER IX CONCLUSION After the Stu
Page 171 and 172:
the background that the children ar
Page 173 and 174:
variation as to how the effects of
Page 175 and 176:
institutionalized child care. Signi
Page 177 and 178:
towards a more inclusive title. The
Page 179 and 180:
organizations. This project takes f
Page 181 and 182:
forward another suggestion: looking
Page 183 and 184:
As these children, often from disad
Page 185 and 186:
APPENDIX A. List of Subjects Interv
Page 187 and 188:
1) What is your age and what year a
Page 189 and 190:
3) What do you do after you eat? 4
Page 191 and 192:
12) What sorts of services do the c
Page 193 and 194:
10) What are the biggest threats to
Page 195 and 196:
10) Do you think the children are g
Page 197 and 198:
Barbarin, O. A., & Richter, L. (200
Page 199 and 200:
aid and democracy promotion (pp. 21
Page 201 and 202:
AIDS-orphaned children in Cape Town
Page 203 and 204:
Drah, B.B., (2014). Queen mothers,
Page 205 and 206:
Address the Needs of Orphans and Ot
Page 207 and 208:
Education. 45(1-2), pp. 51-66. John
Page 209 and 210:
Maslow, A.H. (1948) A Theory of Hum
Page 211 and 212:
Mnubi-Mchombu, C., Mostert, J., Och
Page 213 and 214:
Olanrewaju, A.D., Jeffery, C., Cros
Page 215 and 216:
Ramphele, M. (2002) Steering by the
Page 217 and 218:
Schene, P. A. (1998). Past, present
Page 219 and 220:
Tagurum, Y. O.; Chirdan, O. O.; Bel
Page 221 and 222:
Psychology and Psychiatry, 11(2), p
Page 223 and 224:
210
show all

INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILD CARE IN URBAN SOUTH AFRICA

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?