INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILD CARE IN URBAN SOUTH AFRICA

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formed and family ties would evolve in a setting that was home, but not in every sense of the word. Bonds would form that resembled sibling dynamics, but also stood apart in other ways. Older children would occasionally feel stronger attachments to certain younger children, and for those who had been there together for a long while, there was a unity formed through the experience. The lives and activities of the center were highly intertwined and it was rare for me to ask where one of the children was without most of the other children knowing the answer right away. After spending close to a month at 5Cees, it was evident that terms such as “orphanage,” “children’s home,” or “institution” were neither accurate nor fully descriptive. Although the terms “orphanage” and “care center” were often used interchangeably by the staff of 5Cees, their technical definitions struggled to keep up with the realities of institutionalized childcare. In general, I found that debates surrounding proper terminology often made it more difficult to understand the lived experiences of institutionalized OVC. Exploring the daily routines, the attitudes of the children and caretakers, and the challenges that the center faced proved to be a more effective way in understanding its role within the children’s lives and greater South African society. In the chapters that follow, I present some of the challenges associated with each of the three stages of childhood, early, middle, and late, and explore them through actual case studies that I encountered. I will also examine how the center framed these challenges, and what course sof action it took to address these needs. While some challenges, such as psychological adjustment and education, are life-long challenges, there are certain moments in childhood where these issues become especially relevant 71
and critical to address. Organizing these according to the three stages of childhood then becomes an intriguing way to present the insights that are gathered. 72
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INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILD CARE IN URB
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© 2016 Philippe Lazaro iii
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NAME OF AUTHOR: Philippe Lazaro CUR
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Lastly, none of this would have bee
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. I
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Chapter Page Interpreting Findings
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Nkho
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with low resources. The popular per
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hemisphere in terms of aid and char
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and reports involving South African
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view that demonstrating compassiona
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understand the complexities surroun
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For the sake of consistency, the te
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Christianity served as a driving fa
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In Uganda, many non-governmental or
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childhood. (Emihovich, 2006) A comm
Page 33 and 34: this time period, the communist nat
Page 35 and 36: the later part of the twentieth cen
Page 37 and 38: International attention and policie
Page 39 and 40: parental adult figures active in ch
Page 41 and 42: societies do not have an option and
Page 43 and 44: culture, where things, concepts, an
Page 45 and 46: uses of the term are fluid, confirm
Page 47 and 48: “When people start an orphanage,
Page 49 and 50: features of South African townships
Page 51 and 52: elatives and inherited kin. (MacLel
Page 53 and 54: Taking into account the wide variet
Page 55 and 56: criminality one of the most urgent
Page 57 and 58: 2012) In a study on mental health p
Page 59 and 60: One substantial exception to this t
Page 61 and 62: CHAPTER III METHODS Design of the R
Page 63 and 64: In order to ensure an ethical appro
Page 65 and 66: facilities before beginning a long
Page 67 and 68: teacher, a care mother, a social wo
Page 69 and 70: facilitators gain insight into the
Page 71 and 72: knowledge. Images were observed for
Page 73 and 74: South Africa, I wondered if that wa
Page 75 and 76: needy, and destitute.” In most of
Page 77 and 78: This flow of thought most accuratel
Page 79 and 80: a large staff to meet the variety o
Page 81 and 82: certain nutrients.” The children
Page 83: portion of its revenue from investm
Page 87 and 88: would help to paint a picture of th
Page 89 and 90: themselves. It was through them tha
Page 91 and 92: majority. Marc claimed that Johanne
Page 93 and 94: inferred that Nkokheli’s artistic
Page 95 and 96: Crisis-Affected Families Health and
Page 97 and 98: children. In the case of Zukela, a
Page 99 and 100: depression were commonly reported.
Page 101 and 102: paperwork and bureaucracy that come
Page 103 and 104: you upset, just don’t think about
Page 105 and 106: not explicity prohibit corporal pun
Page 107 and 108: the year, going as far back as 2010
Page 109 and 110: After spending a large amount of ti
Page 111 and 112: “My dad is still alive,” Xolani
Page 113 and 114: siblings. This became particularly
Page 115 and 116: of terminology reflected the porous
Page 117 and 118: the children seem to have difficult
Page 119 and 120: them who could be on a similar traj
Page 121 and 122: to be addressed. Unlike with psycho
Page 123 and 124: The episode of expulsion clearly re
Page 125 and 126: candy house, a pair of women’s sh
Page 127 and 128: ecent life updates, he rolled up hi
Page 129 and 130: children at the center. Many of the
Page 131 and 132: Part of the reason for such an earl
Page 133 and 134: I asked Sarah about the large numbe
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difficult for me to provide help wi
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CHAPTER VII THE END OF CHILDHOOD (A
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away in the earlier part of the yea
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My multiple-hours-long interaction
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encouragement to the younger ones.
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in financial habits. Collectivism e
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Upward mobility Cases like Lindela,
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however it inevitably played a cruc
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where this transition even begins.
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what is the center committed to do
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shelter, a top expectation of the c
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his contribution as a gardener, alt
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passages of scripture relevant to c
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somewhat parallel to the experience
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to visit the United States on a fun
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intake, families are typically assu
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organizations that take aim at the
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CHAPTER IX CONCLUSION After the Stu
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the background that the children ar
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variation as to how the effects of
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institutionalized child care. Signi
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towards a more inclusive title. The
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organizations. This project takes f
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forward another suggestion: looking
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As these children, often from disad
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APPENDIX A. List of Subjects Interv
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1) What is your age and what year a
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3) What do you do after you eat? 4
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12) What sorts of services do the c
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10) What are the biggest threats to
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10) Do you think the children are g
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Barbarin, O. A., & Richter, L. (200
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aid and democracy promotion (pp. 21
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AIDS-orphaned children in Cape Town
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Drah, B.B., (2014). Queen mothers,
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Address the Needs of Orphans and Ot
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Education. 45(1-2), pp. 51-66. John
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Maslow, A.H. (1948) A Theory of Hum
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Mnubi-Mchombu, C., Mostert, J., Och
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Olanrewaju, A.D., Jeffery, C., Cros
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Ramphele, M. (2002) Steering by the
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Schene, P. A. (1998). Past, present
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Tagurum, Y. O.; Chirdan, O. O.; Bel
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Psychology and Psychiatry, 11(2), p
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INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILD CARE IN URBAN SOUTH AFRICA

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