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42 Kenneth J. Saltman<br />
Hardcore bodybuilders identify with Gods, animals, machines, and money.<br />
And this is what <strong>the</strong>y become.<br />
Hardcore bodybuilders do not identify primarily as consumers,<br />
workers, family members, religious followers, or citizens. Yet, it is hardly<br />
<strong>the</strong> case that hardcore bodybuilders are outside <strong>of</strong> capitalist social relations.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> legitimate economy <strong>the</strong>y buy gym memberships, supplements,<br />
magazines, sportswear, and cures for steroid-induced baldness,<br />
impotence, and high blood pressure. In <strong>the</strong> illicit economy <strong>the</strong>y buy<br />
steroids by <strong>the</strong> barrel. However, while <strong>the</strong>y do consume commodities<br />
and services specifically marketed to <strong>the</strong>m in a niche economy, do<br />
hardcore bodybuilders follow <strong>the</strong> proper codes <strong>of</strong> behavior, social norms,<br />
and etiquette that assure <strong>the</strong> necessary regular, stable, and predictable<br />
consumption and production patterns and social groupings <strong>of</strong> individuals<br />
in <strong>the</strong> present form <strong>of</strong> capitalist economy? The untempered individualism,<br />
<strong>the</strong> antisocial tendencies characterizing <strong>the</strong> market and<br />
hardcore bodybuilding’s performance <strong>of</strong> it are best exemplified by <strong>the</strong><br />
greatest ever <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fold, Arnold Schwartzenegger: “Whatever I thought<br />
might hold me back, I avoided. I crossed girls <strong>of</strong>f my list—except as<br />
tools for my sexual needs. I eliminated my parents too.” 1<br />
Schwartzenegger, and perhaps more properly Joe Weider’s media<br />
empire (he currently publishes Muscle & Fitness and Flex, both <strong>of</strong> which<br />
advertise Weider supplements), pioneered <strong>the</strong> extremity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sport <strong>of</strong><br />
bodybuilding not merely by inventing new exercises and nutritional<br />
regimens but by transforming barbell culture from what was once associated<br />
with “health and Christian living” from <strong>the</strong> days <strong>of</strong> Bob H<strong>of</strong>fman’s<br />
York Barbell Company, to a hyperindividualistic, image-oriented, and<br />
highly competitive sport geared toward ever bigger competitors. And<br />
<strong>the</strong>re could be only one winner. One Mr. Olympia judged by size. The<br />
Weider/Schwartzenegger era <strong>of</strong> hardcore male bodybuilding was mono<strong>the</strong>istic.<br />
There could be only One God and He had to be <strong>the</strong> biggest. 2<br />
Hardcore bodybuilding has its own rules, its own etiquette, and<br />
<strong>the</strong>se have principally to do with building a more massively muscular<br />
lean body than anybody else. It is about being <strong>the</strong> biggest and <strong>the</strong> best.<br />
Hardcore bodybuilders will destroy not only <strong>the</strong>ir personal relationships<br />
but <strong>the</strong>ir health as well. Stacking steroids, <strong>the</strong>y gladly trade kidneys and<br />
livers for an inch on <strong>the</strong> tricep, swap hair and normal testicle and<br />
clitoris size for an inch on <strong>the</strong> latissimus dorsi. The prime principle <strong>of</strong><br />
hardcore bodybuilding is <strong>the</strong> same as that <strong>of</strong> capitalism: growth at any