INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN MANAGEMENT V - SGGW

3.1 Preparation of IT the enterprise – the estimation of effectiveness
In each of phases, the different kinds of methods are used to the risk management.
These methods are strictly depended of the enterprise domain. However, the
main purpose is providing the maximum probability of achieving the enterprise
goals. In typical case, achieving these goals is linked with advantages for the organizations
involved in the enterprise.
The first of major problems in the IT enterprise is how to anticipate the expected
costs and the prospective benefits. The cognizance of these values and assumed
time schedule are crucial for any methods of the enterprise effectiveness
estimation. There are many model which can be used for the prediction of the necessary
expenses and time needed to build a given IS 1 . However, at the beginning of
the enterprise these models are not enough accurate. Their accuracy grows during
the enterprise but the initial precision is rather low – possible error can exceed 20%
of the final values. The same situation is in case of benefits. Many of the benefits
of the IS are hardly to measure and to express in financial values. Their estimation
depends on assumptions that can be affected by many external factors.
Knowing the possible costs and benefits, we must solve the second problem:
which method of the enterprise effectiveness estimation should be chosen. There is
no single method, which can be used for this purpose in any case. The most popular
are TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) supported by such a classical methods as
NPV, IRR, WACC, ROI, CF, ROI, DPP and others 2 . Problems of the effectiveness
estimation are crucial because if the risk management objective is the final success
of the enterprise then we have to know the assumptions that lie down at the enterprise
background and must identify and estimate the risk connected with them.
For successfully risk limitation during this analyze many different scenarios should
be considered.
3.2 Implementation phase – the project risk management
The risk management is a part of each IT project management methodology.
The objectives of risk management are strictly connected with so called “project
triangle” which represents the basic project parameters and interdependences
among them (see figure 3). Analyzing these parameters, it can be seen that the four
of them: costs, resources, schedule and specification are results of the preparation
1 There is several prediction models used in IT such as COCOMO, GECOMO, REVIC,
SLIM, PRICE-S, ProQMS, SoftCost, SPQR/20 or CHECKPOINT, that can be used in early
enterprise stages. These models are based different techniques of an estimation and use
such methods as artificial intelligence (neural networks, fuzzy logic), knowledge based
system (case and role based systems) or statistical methods (Dymek 1999).
2 These methods and their features are presented at (Dudycz & Dyczkowski 2007).
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