Helmet-Mounted Displays: - USAARL - The - U.S. Army

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94 Clarence E. Rash effects on visual acuity due to potential luminance differences when switching from FLIR and I 2 imagery, a significant reduction in letter recognition was found during the first second after switching from simulated FLIR to simulated ANVIS imagery when the FLIR luminance was >10 fL. This effect was associated with the luminance imbalance between the two imageries. It was recommended that engineering safeguards to minimize luminance shifts be implemented in HMDs which will be used to display both FLIR and I 2 imagery. In summary, VCSs are used as head control systems for aircraftmounted imagery sensors and fire control systems. They make use of the natural physiological action of head and eye motion which is associated with human perception and reaction to the environment (Shirachi, Monk, and Black, 1978). They operate by providing accurate and responsive tracking of the head (and/or eye). They must operate over a sufficiently large volume (motion box) to allow for the normal range of head movements and must track these movements accurately and with minimum delay (Barrette, 1992). References Allen, J. H., and Hebb, R. C. 1983. Helmet mounted display feasibility model. Orlando, FL: Naval Training Equipment Center. NAVTRAE- QUIPEN IH-338. Armbrust, J., Ros, N., Hale, S., and Rabin, J. 1993. Final report, developmental test (DT) of the Night Vision Pilotage System. Fort Rucker, AL: U.S. Army Aviation Technical Test Center. TECOM Project No. 4-AI-100-RAH-008. Armstrong Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory. 1989. Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT): A user’s guide. Dayton, OH: Armstrong Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory. AAMRL- TR-89-023. Barnes, G. R., and Sommerville, G. P. 1978. Visual target acquisition and tracking performance using a helmet-mounted sight. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Vol. 49, pp.565-572. Barrette, R. E. 1992. Wide-field-of-view full-color high-resolution helmetmounted display. Proceedings of SID, Vol. XXIII, pp. 69-72. Biberman, L. M., and Tsou, B. 1991. Image display technology and problems with emphasis on airborne systems. Alexandria, VA: Institute for Defense Analysis. IDA Paper P-2448. Biocca, F. 1992. Will simulation sickness slow down the diffusion of
Visual Coupling 95 virtual environment technology? Presence, Vol. 1, pp. 334-343. Boettcher, K., Schmidt, D., and Case, L. 1988. Display system dynamics requirements for flying qualities. Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: Wright Aeronautical Laboratory. AFWAL Report No. TR-88-3017. Boff, K. R., and Lincoln, J. E. 1988. Vibration characteristics of rotarywing aircraft. Engineering Data Compendium: Human Perception and Performance. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH: Armstrong Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory. pp.2072-2136. Brickner, M. S. 1989. Helicopter flights with night-vision goggles - Human factors aspects. Moffett Field, CA: Ames Research Center. NASA Technical Memorandum 101039. Brindle, J. H. 1996. Advanced helmet tracking technology: Developments for Naval aviation. Head-Mounted Displays, Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 2735, pp. 27-38. Butler, B. P., Maday, R. E., and Blanchard, D. M. 1987. Effects of helmet weight and center-of-gravity parameters on head tracking performance in a vibration environment. Fort Rucker, AL: U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory. USAARL LR-97-12-4-5. Cameron, A. A., Trythall, S., and Barton, A. M. 1995. Helmet trackers - The future. Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays and Symbology Design Requirements II, Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 2465, p. 281-295. Crane, D. F. 1980. The effects of time delay in man-machine control systems: Implementations for design of flight simulator-display-delay compensation. Williams AFB, AZ: Air Force Human Resources Laboratory. Proceedings of the Image III Conference, pp. 331-343. Crane, H. D. 1994. The Purkinje image eye tracker, image stabilization, and related forms of stimulus manipulation. Visual Science and Engineering: Models and Applications. New York: Dekke, pp. 15-89. Eggleston, R. G. 1997. User-centered design in the trenches: Headmounted display system design and user performance. Head mounted displays: Designing for the user. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 17-54. Fernie, A. 1995. Helmet-mounted display with dual resolution. SID Digest of Application Papers, Vol. XXVI, pp. 37-40. Furness, T. A. 1981. The effects of whole-body vibration on the perception of the helmet-mounted display, Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, University of South Hampton. Hart, S. G. 1988. Helicopter human factors. Human factors in aviation. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 591-638. Haworth, L. A. 16 Dec 97. Conversation (telephone communication)
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Helmet-Mounted Displays: Design Iss
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The views, opinions, and/or finding
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vi Contents 4. Visual Coupling Clar
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viii Contents References ..........
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x Ben T. Mozo, Research Physicist U
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xii Foreword began its phenomenal e
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xiv Preface Acknowledgments The aut
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Introductory Overview 1 Clarence E.
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Introductory Overview 5 Figure 1.2.
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Introductory Overview 7 The trend f
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Introductory Overview 9
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Introductory Overview 11 aviator to
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Introductory Overview 13 1970's. Ta
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Introductory Overview 15 Image sour
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Introductory Overview 17
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Table 1.3. HMD performance figures-
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Introductory Overview 21 direct vie
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Introductory Overview 23 Figure 1.9
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Introductory Overview 25 Figure 1.1
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Introductory Overview 27 Ercoline,
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Introductory Overview 29 II, Procee
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Introductory Overview 31 Armstrong
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34 Clarence E. Rash, Melissa H. Led
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40 Liquid crystal Clarence E. Rash,
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Page 59 and 60: 44 Clarence E. Rash, Melissa H. Led
Page 70 and 71: Optical Designs 3 William E. McLean
Page 72 and 73: Optical Designs 57 and plotted in l
Page 74 and 75: Optical Designs 59 phosphors, (b) u
Page 76 and 77: Optical Designs 61 optics. Examples
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Page 80 and 81: prism combiner. Optical Designs 65
Page 82 and 83: Figure 3.2. (continued) Optical Des
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Page 86 and 87: Optical Designs 71 Figure 3.4. Comp
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Page 92 and 93: Optical Designs 77 Figure 3.9. Ray
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Page 100 and 101: 84 Clarence E. Rash the performance
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Page 106 and 107: 90 Clarence E. Rash as with ANVIS.
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Page 114 and 115: 98 Aeromedical Research Laboratory.
Page 116: DESIGN ISSUES PART TWO
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Page 121 and 122: 104 Contrast Clarence E. Rash and W
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144 Clarence E. Rash and William E.
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168 Number of SOG = � log (C r) /
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Visual Performance 6 William E. McL
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Visual Performance 171 observer is
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seen. Visual Performance 173 Figure
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Visual Performance 175 perception.
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Visual Performance 177 with monovis
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Visual Performance 179 individuals
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Visual Performance 181 0 to -5.25 d
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Visual Performance 183 Report No. 9
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Biodynamics 7 B. Joseph McEntire He
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Biodynamics 187 behavior of this de
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Figure 7.2. Head anatomical coordin
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Biodynamics 191
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Biodynamics 193 al., 1972), and man
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Biodynamics 195 Figure 7.5. Vertica
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Biodynamics 197 disability and fata
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Biodynamics 199 been fabricated int
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Biodynamics 201 Ty pic al acc ele r
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Biodynamics 203 exceed the mechanic
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Biodynamics 205 complexity and comp
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Type Reference helmet Foam in place
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Biodynamics 209 the fitting problem
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Biodynamics 211 adjustment buckle,
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Biodynamics 213 down. The helmet ma
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Biodynamics 215 Desert Shield/Deser
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Biodynamics 217 Donelson, S. M., an
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219 Fort Rucker, AL: U.S. Army Aero
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220 Ben T. Mozo Figure 8.1. Noise l
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222 Ben T. Mozo available in the ne
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224 Ben T. Mozo Protectors”(ANSI,
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226 Ben T. Mozo language. Tests of
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228 Ben T. Mozo Figure 8.6. Speech
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230 Ben T. Mozo the communications
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232 Ben T. Mozo Item Mass (grams) C
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Ribera, J. E., and Mozo, B. T. Unda
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236 Joseph R. Licina operational us
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238 Joseph R. Licina Standard MIL-S
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240 Joseph R. Licina On electro-opt
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242 Joseph R. Licina For HMDs with
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244 Joseph R. Licina 1994b) that wi
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246 Joseph R. Licina Table 9.2. Hea
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248 Joseph R. Licina provided a 93.
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250 Joseph R. Licina and buckles, a
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252 Joseph R. Licina authorized to
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254 Joseph R. Licina a nuclear flas
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256 Joseph R. Licina requirements:
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HMD PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT PART THR
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262 Clarence E. Rash, John C. Mora,
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Glossary 11
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270 making stereoposis possible. Bi
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272 John C. Mora and M elissa H. Le
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NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Melissa H. Le
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Notes on Contributors 281 Research
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284 Index Breakaway force (see Fran
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286 Index movement, 55, 80, 84, 90,
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288 Index 198, 204, 205, 208, 210,
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290 Index Microphone, 15, 186, 224,
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292 Index Speech intelligibility (S
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