Helmet-Mounted Displays: - USAARL - The - U.S. Army

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Optical Performance 159 on rotorcraft pilot’s workload, performance and visual cuing. 52 nd Annual Forum of the American Helicopter Society, Washington, DC. Hershberger, M. L., and Guerin, D. F. 1975. Binocular rivalry in helmetmounted display applications. Dayton, OH: Armstrong Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory. AMRL-TR-75-48. Home, R. 1984. Binocular summation: A study of contrast sensitivity, visual acuity, and recognition. Vision Research, Vol. 18, pp. 579-585. Human Factors Society, Inc. 1988. American National Standard for Human Factors Engineering of Visual Display Terminal Workstations. ANSI/HFS 100-1988. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors Society, Inc. Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) of North America. 1984. IES Lighting Handbook. New York: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. Imbeau, D., Wierwhille, W. W., Wolf, L. D., and Chun, G. A. 1989. Effects of instrument panel luminance and chromaticity on reading performance and preference in simulated driving. Human Factors, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 161-166. Infante, C. 1993. On the modulation transfer function of matrix displays. Journal of SID, Vol. 26, pp. 449-450. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 1987. Ergonomics of office VDUs: Visual requirements. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization. Draft DP 9241, Part 3. Jacobs, D. H. 1943. Fundamentals of optical engineering. New York: McGraw-Hill. Pp. 211-213. Kaiser, P. K., Herzberg, P. A., and Boynton, R. M. 1971. Chromatic border distinctness and its relation to saturation. Vision Research, Vol. 11, pp. 953. Kalawsky, R.S. 1993. The science of virtual reality and virtual environments. Wokingham, England: Addison-Welsey. Karim, M. A. 1992. Electro-optical displays. New York: Marcel Dekker. Kasper, E. F., Haworth, L. A., Szoboszlay, Z. P., King, R. D., and Halmos, Z. L. 1997. Effects of in-flight field of view restriction on rotorcraft pilot head movement. Head-Mounted Displays II, Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 3058, pp. 34-45. Kaufman, L. 1963. On the spread of suppression and binocular rivalry. Vision Research, Vol. 3, pp. 401-415. Kenyon, R. V., and Kneller, E. W. 1992. Human performance and field of view. Proceedings of SID, Vol. XXIII, pp. 290-293. Kingslake, R. 1983. Optical system design. New York: Academic Press. p.9, 178.
160 Clarence E. Rash and William E. McLean Klymenko, V., Harding, T. H., Martin, J. S., Beasley, H. H., and Rash, C. E. 1997. Image quality figures of merit for contrast in CRT and flat panel displays. Fort Rucker, AL: U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory. USAARL Report No. 97-17. Klymenko, V., Verona, R. W., Beasley, H. H., Martin, J. S., and McLean, W. E. 1994a. Factors affecting the visual fragmentation of the fieldof-view in partial binocular overlap displays. Fort Rucker, AL: U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory. USAARL Report No. 94-29. Klymenko, V., Verona, R. W., Beasley, H. H., Martin, J. S., and McLean, W. E. 1994b. Visual perception in the field-of-view of partial binocular overlap helmet-mounted displays. Fort Rucker, AL: U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory. USAARL Report No. 94-40. Klymenko, V., Verona, R. W., Martin, J. S., Beasley, H. H., and McLean, W. E. 1994c. The effects of binocular overlap mode on contrast thresholds across the field-of-view as a function of spatial and temporal frequency. Fort Rucker, AL: U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory. USAARL Report No. 94-49. Klymenko, V., Verona, R. W., Martin, J. S., Beasley, H. H., and McLean, W. E. 1994d. Factors affecting the perception of luning in monocular regions of partial binocular overlap displays. Fort Rucker, AL: U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory. USAARL Report No. 94-47. Kotulak, J. C. 1992. In-flight field-of-view with ANVIS. Fort Rucker, AL: U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory. USAARL Report No. 93-8. Kruk, R., and Longridge, T. M. 1984. Binocular overlap in a fiber optic helmet-mounted display. Proceedings of Image 3, Vol. 363, pp. 363- 377. Landau, F. 1990. The effect of visual recognition performance of misregistration and overlap for a binocular helmet mounted display. Helmet-Mounted Displays II, Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 1290, pp. 173- 184. Lattimore, M. R. 1990. Military aviation: A contact lens review. Aviation, Space , and Environmental Medicine, Vol. 59, No. 2, pp.125-128. Lattimore, M. R., and Cornum, R. L. 1992. The use of extended wear contact lenses in the aviation environment. Fort Rucker, AL: U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory. USAARL Report No. 92-35. Laycock, J., and Chorley, R. A. 1980. The electro-optical display/visual system interface: Human factors considerations. Advancements on
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Helmet-Mounted Displays: Design Iss
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The views, opinions, and/or finding
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vi Contents 4. Visual Coupling Clar
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viii Contents References ..........
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x Ben T. Mozo, Research Physicist U
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xii Foreword began its phenomenal e
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xiv Preface Acknowledgments The aut
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Introductory Overview 1 Clarence E.
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Introductory Overview 5 Figure 1.2.
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Introductory Overview 7 The trend f
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Introductory Overview 9
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Introductory Overview 11 aviator to
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Introductory Overview 13 1970's. Ta
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Introductory Overview 15 Image sour
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Introductory Overview 17
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Table 1.3. HMD performance figures-
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Introductory Overview 21 direct vie
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Introductory Overview 23 Figure 1.9
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Introductory Overview 25 Figure 1.1
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Introductory Overview 27 Ercoline,
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Introductory Overview 29 II, Procee
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Introductory Overview 31 Armstrong
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34 Clarence E. Rash, Melissa H. Led
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40 Liquid crystal Clarence E. Rash,
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Optical Designs 3 William E. McLean
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Optical Designs 57 and plotted in l
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Optical Designs 59 phosphors, (b) u
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Optical Designs 61 optics. Examples
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Optical Designs 63
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prism combiner. Optical Designs 65
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Figure 3.2. (continued) Optical Des
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Optical Designs 69
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Optical Designs 71 Figure 3.4. Comp
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Optical Designs 73 Figure 3.6. Opti
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Optical Designs 75 Figure 3.8. Refl
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Optical Designs 77 Figure 3.9. Ray
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Optical Designs 79 incidence and re
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80 Clarence E. Rash hinted at befor
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82 Clarence E. Rash metal tolerant
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84 Clarence E. Rash the performance
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86 Clarence E. Rash Figure 4.3. Hig
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88 Clarence E. Rash imagery in HMDs
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90 Clarence E. Rash as with ANVIS.
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92 Clarence E. Rash performance, on
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94 Clarence E. Rash effects on visu
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96 Clarence E. Rash concerning roll
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98 Aeromedical Research Laboratory.
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DESIGN ISSUES PART TWO
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102 Clarence E. Rash and William E.
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104 Contrast Clarence E. Rash and W
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106 Clarence E. Rash and William E.
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Page 185 and 186: 168 Number of SOG = � log (C r) /
Page 187 and 188: Visual Performance 6 William E. McL
Page 189 and 190: Visual Performance 171 observer is
Page 191 and 192: seen. Visual Performance 173 Figure
Page 193 and 194: Visual Performance 175 perception.
Page 195 and 196: Visual Performance 177 with monovis
Page 197 and 198: Visual Performance 179 individuals
Page 199 and 200: Visual Performance 181 0 to -5.25 d
Page 201 and 202: Visual Performance 183 Report No. 9
Page 203 and 204: Biodynamics 7 B. Joseph McEntire He
Page 205 and 206: Biodynamics 187 behavior of this de
Page 207 and 208: Figure 7.2. Head anatomical coordin
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Page 211 and 212: Biodynamics 193 al., 1972), and man
Page 213 and 214: Biodynamics 195 Figure 7.5. Vertica
Page 215 and 216: Biodynamics 197 disability and fata
Page 217 and 218: Biodynamics 199 been fabricated int
Page 219 and 220: Biodynamics 201 Ty pic al acc ele r
Page 221 and 222: Biodynamics 203 exceed the mechanic
Page 223 and 224: Biodynamics 205 complexity and comp
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Biodynamics 209 the fitting problem
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Biodynamics 211 adjustment buckle,
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Biodynamics 213 down. The helmet ma
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Biodynamics 215 Desert Shield/Deser
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Biodynamics 217 Donelson, S. M., an
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219 Fort Rucker, AL: U.S. Army Aero
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220 Ben T. Mozo Figure 8.1. Noise l
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222 Ben T. Mozo available in the ne
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224 Ben T. Mozo Protectors”(ANSI,
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226 Ben T. Mozo language. Tests of
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228 Ben T. Mozo Figure 8.6. Speech
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230 Ben T. Mozo the communications
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232 Ben T. Mozo Item Mass (grams) C
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Ribera, J. E., and Mozo, B. T. Unda
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236 Joseph R. Licina operational us
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238 Joseph R. Licina Standard MIL-S
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240 Joseph R. Licina On electro-opt
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242 Joseph R. Licina For HMDs with
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244 Joseph R. Licina 1994b) that wi
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246 Joseph R. Licina Table 9.2. Hea
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248 Joseph R. Licina provided a 93.
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250 Joseph R. Licina and buckles, a
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252 Joseph R. Licina authorized to
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254 Joseph R. Licina a nuclear flas
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256 Joseph R. Licina requirements:
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HMD PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT PART THR
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262 Clarence E. Rash, John C. Mora,
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Glossary 11
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270 making stereoposis possible. Bi
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272 John C. Mora and M elissa H. Le
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NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Melissa H. Le
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Notes on Contributors 281 Research
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284 Index Breakaway force (see Fran
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286 Index movement, 55, 80, 84, 90,
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288 Index 198, 204, 205, 208, 210,
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290 Index Microphone, 15, 186, 224,
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292 Index Speech intelligibility (S
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