A handbbok on Weed Control in Rice.pdf

Echinochloa crus-galli ssp. crus-galli var. praticola,
16
Echinochloa crus-galli ssp. hispidula var. austrojaponensis,
16
Echinochloa crus-galli ssp. hispidula var. hispidula,
16
Echinochloa crus-galli P.B. var. kasaharae Ohwi, 8
Echinochloa glabrescens Munro ex Hook.f., 18, 66,
100
Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard) Fritsch, 5
Echinochloa phyllopogon, 5
Echinochloa pyramidalis, 95, 100
Echinochloa spp., 3, 83, 85, 100
Echinochloa stagnina, 95, 98
Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk., 9, 66
Eclipta erecta L., 9
Eclipta prostrata (L.), 9
Egypt, 33, 73
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, 3, 8, 66, 38, 98
Eleocharis acicularis, 66
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., 3, 4, 34, 66
El Salvador, 21, 26
Emulsifiable concentrate, 53
Emulsifier, 53
Endothal, 81, 82
Euphorbiaceae, 30
Euphorbia hirta, 30, 66
Euphorbia pilulifera L., 30
Europe, 42, 73, 78, 80, 99
Evaporation, of herbicide, 52
F
Fenclorim, 49, 73
Fenoxaprop, 66, 67, 71, 99
Fertilization, 43
Fertilizer, 74, 76, 82, 84, 86, 88, 91, 96
Fiji, 19, 35
Fimbristylis littoralis Gaud., 12
Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl, 2, 12, 66, 83, 85, 87
Floating rice, weed control in, 95-98
Also see Deepwater rice
Flowables, 53
Flourodifen, 66, 67, 69, 93, 94, 96, 97
Formulation of herbicides, 47, 53, 55
France, 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,
34, 35, 36, 37, 38
G
Ghana, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 35, 36, 37
Glufosinate, 103
Glyphosate 49, 50, 66, 67, 69, 97, 101, 102, 103
Gogorantja, 87
Goldfish, 70
Granular herbicide, 53
application, 62
applicators, 55, 56
Growth stages,
effect on herbicide selectivity, 50
for herbicide application, 50, 65, 77, 80, 81, 85,
87, 89, 93, 97
Guyana, 101
H
Hand pulling, see Hand weeding
Hand weeding, 2, 44, 82,
in deepwater and floating rice, 97, 98
in direct seeded rice, 77, 79, 87, 88
in drill seeded rice, 77
in transplanted rice, 75, 84,
in upland rice, 93
in water seeded rice, 82
labor for, 45
Harvesting, effects of weeds, 2
statements in labels, 55
Hazards of herbicide use, 62
as indicated in labels, 55
Herbicide, 45, 49-63, 65-71, 75, 84
absorption, 50, 52, 62, 63
adsorption, 51
antidote for, 49, 78, 86, 88
application timing, 50
applicators, 55, 56, 57
behavior in soil, 51
brand names, 54
calibration, 62
chemical names, 54-55
classification, 65-72
contact, 49, 58, 59
container disposal, 63
dosage, 49, 55, 59-61
evaporation of, 52
for deepwater and floating rice, 97, 98
for direct seeded rice, 77, 79, 87, 88
for transplanted rice, 75, 84
for upland rice, 94
for water seeded rice, 82
granular, 62
leaching, 51
lethal dose (LD50), 62
loss, 51-52
manufacturer of, 55
mixing, 59, 61, 62
mixtures, 65
nonselective, 49, 50, 51
persistence, 52
photodegradation, 52
properties, 52-54
residual, 51, 52, 58
rotations, 65
runoff, 52
safe handling of, 62
selection of, 61
selective, 49, 50, 51
spraying, 61
storage, 63
systemic, 49, 50, 51, 58
tolerance, 72
trade or brand name, 54-55
translocated, 49, 58
uptake, 50
volatilization, 52
weeds controlled, 66
Herbicide activity
depth of, 52
effects of relative humidity, 52
soil factors, 51-52
soil moisture, 52
temperature, 52
wind, 52
in plants and soil, 50
Herbicide drift, 63
Herbicide formulation, 49, 53, 55
Herbicide label, 54-55
Herbicide selectivity, 49-50, 51
physical factors, 49
biological factors, 50
loss of, 54
postemergence, 51
Herbicide toxicity, 55, 62
Herbicide use,
advantages, 45
directions, 54, 55
disadvantages, 45
field techniques, 60-62
in deepwater and floating rice, 96
in direct seeded rice, 77, 78, 86, 88
in transplanted rice, 75, 84
in upland rice, 94
in water seeded rice, 82
principles of, 49-63
protective clothing, 62
safety, 62
Humic acids, 52
Hydraulic applicator, 55-56
I
Imazapyr, 103
Imperata cylindrica (L.)Raeuschel, 3, 5, 35, 39, 41,
66, 91, 102
India, 9, 11, 16, 19, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34,
35, 37, 38, 39, 76, 80, 83, 84, 95, 101
Indica rices, 70, 72
Indonesia, 9, 11, 12, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27,
28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 83, 87, 95,
101
Insects, 2
Isoleucine, 70
Integrated crop management, 47
Integrated pest management, 46
Integrated weed management, 44, 46-47
economics, 47
of C. rotundus, 102
of I. cylindrica, 102
of P. distichum, 100
of R. cochichinensis, 103
of S. maritimus, 99
of wild rices, 101
International Standardization Organization (ISO),
54-55
International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry (IUPAC), 54
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk., 66, 95, 97
Ipomoea reptans (L.) Poir., 39
Ipomoea spp., 3
Iraq, 33
Irrigated rice,
best N application timing, 43
classification, 73
yield loss due to weeds, 1
herbicide behavior in soil, 51
weed control in, 73-82
Irrigation, drainage and overflow, 52
herbicide effectiveness, 51, 52
Iron, 92
Ischaemum rugosum Salisb., 2, 19, 44, 66
Ivory Coast, 35
J
Japan, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 18, 21, 22, 100
Japonica rices, 52, 70, 72
Jussiaea suffruticosa L., 15
K
Kenya, 35
Kharif, 83
Knapsack sprayer, 55, 56-57
Korea, 10, 11, 12, 16, 18, 23
L
Labels for herbicide, 59, 60
Lambast, 55
Land preparation, 73
mechanical, 73
to control weeds, 41
in direct seeded rice, 76, 78, 86, 88
in transplanted rice, 73, 84
in water seeded rice, 81
in upland rice, 91
Index 111