A handbbok on Weed Control in Rice.pdf

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Lowland rice weeds /POACEAE (grass family) Weed name: Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. E. crus-galli species is consid- ered to include two subspecies, each with two varieties (Michael 1983): E. crus-galli ssp. crus-galli var. crus-galli, E. crus-galli ssp. crus-galli var. praticola, E. crus-galli ssp. hispidula var. hispidula, and E. crus-galli sp. hispidula var. austro-japonensis E. crus-galli var. crus-galli is abundant in the more temperate rice- growing areas such as the Indian subcontinent, China, Japan, Southern Europe, North and South America, and Australia. E. crus-galli var. praticola is an upland rice weed in eastern Asia. E. crus-galli var. hispidula is an abundant rice weed throughout Southeast Asia, parts of the Indian subcontinent, and Sri Lanka. 16 Weed control handbook E. crus-galli var. austro-japonensis is essentially found in eastern Asia, extending south from Taiwan, China, and adjacent parts of mainland Asia to the high, cool areas of Southeast Asia. Synonyms: None Local names: Country Common name Bangladesh shama Brazil capimp-da-colonia (Portuguese) France panic, pied-de-coq India kauada, sawant (Malayalam) Indonesia djawan (Javanese) Korea pi Malaysia sambau Peru mijo japones Philippines daua-daua (Tagalog) Sri Lanka martu Thailand ya-plong USA common barnyard grass Life cycle: An annual grass that can grow as tall as 150 cm. Propagates by seeds, which may remain dormant 3-4 mo. Habitat: Adapted to wet soils. Grows best at soil moisture of 80% water-holding capacity. Optimum germination occurs at 70-90% of water- holding capacity. Seeds can also germinate under water. Growth becomes increasingly poor with increased depth of submergence. Weedy nature: A prolific seed producer; one plant may produce 40,000 seeds. Tillers profusely and germinates throughout the year. Ecologically similar to rice. During early vegetative phase, almost indistinguish- able from rice plants. Agricultural concern: Very competi- tive with rice. Can reduce rice yields 100%. Seedling
Mature plant Inflorescence Seed, magnified Weeds worldwide 17
Page 1 and 2: 1991 P.O. Box 933, 1099 Manila, Phi
Page 3 and 4: Foreword Farmers everywhere search
Page 5 and 6: Contents FOREWORD PREFACE 1 S IGNIF
Page 7 and 8: Table 1.3. Weeds as secondary hosts
Page 9 and 10: horizontal leaves. Tall plants have
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 2 Rice weeds of worldwide i
Page 13 and 14: Lowland rice weeds ASTERACEAE (Comp
Page 15 and 16: Lowland rice weeds / CYPERACEAE (se
Page 17 and 18: Lowland rice weeds / CYPERACEAE (se
Page 19: Lowland rice weeds / ONAGRACEAE (ev
Page 23 and 24: Lowland rice weeds/POACEAE (grass f
Page 25 and 26: Lowland rice weeds / POACEAE (grass
Page 27 and 28: Lowland rice weeds / PONTEDERIACEAE
Page 29 and 30: Upland rice weeds AIZOACEAE (carpet
Page 31 and 32: Upland rice weeds / ASTERACEAE (sun
Page 33 and 34: Upland rice weeds / CYPERACEAE (sed
Page 35 and 36: Upland rice weeds / POACEAE (grass
Page 41 and 42: Upland rice weeds / PORTULACACEAE (
Page 43 and 44: Deepwater weeds / CONVOLVULACEAE (m
Page 45 and 46: Wetland tillage is common in most t
Page 47 and 48: leaf size), with the resultant shad
Page 49 and 50: Economics of control The economic b
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 4 Principles of herbicide u
Page 53 and 54: Preemergence herbicide application
Page 55 and 56: and behavior in the crop environmen
Page 57 and 58: Table 4.1. Meanings of signal words
Page 59 and 60: 4.3 Controlled-droplet applicators
Page 61 and 62: amount after spraying is 8 liters,
Page 63 and 64: The decision to spray should be mad
Page 65 and 66: farmers, however, should wear cloth
Page 67 and 68: Table 5.1. Susceptibilitles a of im
Page 69 and 70: Propanil can be used at 3-4 kg ai/h
Page 71 and 72:
Thiocarbamates Thiocarbamates are a
Page 73 and 74:
Quinclorac. Quinclorac is a chino-
Page 75 and 76:
Planting method Transplanting into
Page 77 and 78:
Direct seeded on puddled soil In di
Page 79 and 80:
Table 6.2. Herbicides suitable for
Page 81 and 82:
6.4 Rice growth stages when herbici
Page 83 and 84:
Fertilizer Incorporating N and P fe
Page 85 and 86:
Nurseries Seedling nurseries should
Page 87 and 88:
Land preparation Leveling the puddl
Page 89 and 90:
Land preparation Land preparation s
Page 91 and 92:
Chapter 8 Weed control in upland ri
Page 93 and 94:
Hand weeding The weed-free period r
Page 95 and 96:
Chapter 9 Weed control in deepwater
Page 97 and 98:
Hand weeding Hand weeding is the mo
Page 99 and 100:
Chapter 10 Management of some diffi
Page 101 and 102:
Wild rices The important wild rices
Page 103 and 104:
Herbicides For effective control of
Page 105 and 106:
IRRI-International Rice Research In
Page 107 and 108:
B. Conversion table for granular fo
Page 109 and 110:
Index A Absorption of herbicide, 50
Page 111 and 112:
in deepwater and floating rice, 96
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