The Internati<strong>on</strong>al <strong>Rice</strong> Research Institute (IRRI) was established <strong>in</strong> 1960 by the Ford and Rockefeller Foundati<strong>on</strong>s with the help and approval of the Government of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Today IRRI is <strong>on</strong>e of the 13 n<strong>on</strong>profit <strong>in</strong>ternati<strong>on</strong>al research and tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g centers supported by the C<strong>on</strong>sultative Group <strong>on</strong> Internati<strong>on</strong>al Agricultural Research (CGIAR). The CGIAR is sp<strong>on</strong>sored by the Food and Agriculture Organi- zati<strong>on</strong> of the United Nati<strong>on</strong>s, the Internati<strong>on</strong>al Bank for Rec<strong>on</strong>structi<strong>on</strong> and Devel- opment (World Bank), and the United Nati<strong>on</strong>s Development Programme (UNDP). The CGIAR c<strong>on</strong>sists of 50 d<strong>on</strong>or countries, <strong>in</strong>ternati<strong>on</strong>al and regi<strong>on</strong>al organizati<strong>on</strong>s, and private foundati<strong>on</strong>s. IRRI receives support, through the CGIAR, from a number of d<strong>on</strong>ors <strong>in</strong>clud- <strong>in</strong>g the Asian Development Bank, the European Ec<strong>on</strong>omic Community, the Ford Foundati<strong>on</strong>, the Internati<strong>on</strong>al Development Research Centre, the Internati<strong>on</strong>al Fund for Agricultural Development, the OPEC Special Fund, the Rockefeller Foundati<strong>on</strong>, UNDP, the World Bank, and the <strong>in</strong>ternati<strong>on</strong>al aid agencies of the follow<strong>in</strong>g governments: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Ch<strong>in</strong>a, Denmark, F<strong>in</strong>- land, France, Germany, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, Saudi Arabia, Spa<strong>in</strong>, Sweden, Switzerland, United K<strong>in</strong>gdom, and United States. The resp<strong>on</strong>sibility for this publicati<strong>on</strong> rests with the Internati<strong>on</strong>al <strong>Rice</strong> Research Institute. Copyright © Internati<strong>on</strong>al <strong>Rice</strong> Research Institute 1991 All rights reserved. Except for quotati<strong>on</strong>s of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publicati<strong>on</strong> may be reproduced, stored <strong>in</strong> retrieval systems, or transmitted <strong>in</strong> any form or by any means, electr<strong>on</strong>ic, mechani- cal, photocopy<strong>in</strong>g, record<strong>in</strong>g, or otherwise, without prior permissi<strong>on</strong> of IRRI. This permissi<strong>on</strong> will not be unreas<strong>on</strong>ably withheld for use for n<strong>on</strong>commercial purposes. IRRI does not require payment for the n<strong>on</strong>commercial use of its published works, and hopes that this copyright declarati<strong>on</strong> will not dim<strong>in</strong>ish the b<strong>on</strong>a fide use of its research f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> agricultural research and development. The designati<strong>on</strong>s employed <strong>in</strong> the presentati<strong>on</strong> of the material <strong>in</strong> this publi- cati<strong>on</strong> do not imply the expressi<strong>on</strong> of any op<strong>in</strong>i<strong>on</strong> whatsoever <strong>on</strong> the part of IRRI c<strong>on</strong>cern<strong>in</strong>g the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area, or of its authorities, or the delimitati<strong>on</strong> of its fr<strong>on</strong>tiers or boundaries. ISBN 971-22-0020-5
Foreword Farmers everywhere search for ways to widen the narrow marg<strong>in</strong> of profit between producti<strong>on</strong> costs and crop returns. <strong>Weed</strong>s cause more yield losses <strong>in</strong> ricefields than any other pest. Cost-effective methods for c<strong>on</strong>troll<strong>in</strong>g weeds could help preserve profits and <strong>in</strong>crease yields. The authors have designed this book to provide practical <strong>in</strong>formati<strong>on</strong> <strong>on</strong> c<strong>on</strong>troll<strong>in</strong>g weeds <strong>in</strong> the many different rice cultural systems, us<strong>in</strong>g an <strong>in</strong>te- grated management approach. It is excepti<strong>on</strong>ally comprehensive, and can be used as a textbook, as a field guide, and as a manual for mak<strong>in</strong>g decisi<strong>on</strong>s <strong>in</strong> crop management. The handbook has been especially designed to facilitate <strong>in</strong>expensive trans- lati<strong>on</strong> and copublicati<strong>on</strong>. C<strong>on</strong>tact Communicati<strong>on</strong> and Publicati<strong>on</strong>s Services, IRRI Informati<strong>on</strong> Center, for permissi<strong>on</strong> and assistance, at no charge, <strong>in</strong> any activities to extend its benefits to rice workers who read languages other than English. Klaus Lampe Director General