Development and Globalization: - Unctad

More documents

Recommendations

Info

OVERVIEW DEFINITIONS During the last four decades, the share of primary commodities in total world exports of merchandise has fallen dramatically. Primary commodities, excluding fuels, represented 38% of the value of world exports in 1960 and only 12% in 2001. In developing countries, the share was initially 63%, but by 2001 it had fallen to 13%. In 1960, food items represented 17% of world exports, while in 2001 they accounted for only 7%. A similar drop occurred for agricultural raw materials. These patterns held true for both developed and developing countries. The only exception is exports of ores and metals, whose share remained fairly constant. Developing countries have increased their share in the world trade of manufactured goods. South-East Asian countries were the main contributors to this trend. The share of manufactured goods in developing-country exports increased from 12% in 1960 to 65% in 2001. The share of manufactures in world exports to developing countries also increased substantially, from 62% in 1980 to 74% in 2001. This trend underscores the intensification of trade in manufactures among developing countries. The share of manufactured goods in developed countries’ overall exports increased from 65% in 1960 to 80% in 2001. However, the rate of increase was slower than that for developing countries. Consequently, the share of world manufactured goods imported from developed countries by other economies decreased during the last 40 years, from 83% in 1960 to 69% in 2001. The remaining shares were imported from developing countries (27.5% in 2001 compared to 5.5% in 1960) and Central and Eastern Europe (3.5% in 2001 compared to 11% in 1960). To learn more 56 4.2 International trade in merchandise Commodities are classified in accordance with the United Nations Standard International Trade Classification (SITC), as follows: ● Primary commodities: - All food items: SITC 0, plus SITC 1, plus 22, plus SITC 4 - Agriculture raw materials: SITC 2, less 22, less 27 – 28 - Ores and metals: SITC 27, plus 28, plus 68 - Fuels: SITC 3 ● Manufactured goods: - Chemicals and related products: SITC 5 - Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material: SITC 6 less 68 - Machinery and transport equipment: SITC 7 - Miscellaneous manufactured articles: SITC 8 DATA SOURCES [1] UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics 2003, tables 3.2.1 and 3.2.2. Some exports are not allocated to a commodity group. The sum of shares in the distribution of exports by commodity group may be less than 100. For more information, see UNCTAD’s TTrraaddee aanndd DDeevveellooppmmeenntt RReeppoorrtt 22000022:: DDeevveellooppiinngg CCoouunnttrriieess iinn WWoorrlldd TTrraaddee.
Distribution of exports by commodity group [1] (in %) Year All food items World Trade structure by commodity group 4.2 D Agricultural raw Manufactured Ores and metals Fuels materials goods All products 1960 17.4 16.7 3.6 9.9 51.3 100 1970 13.2 10.6 4.0 9.2 60.9 100 1980 11.1 3.7 4.7 24.0 54.2 100 1990 9.3 3.0 3.6 11.0 70.5 100 2001 7.4 1.8 3.0 9.1 74.1 100 Developing countries 1960 29.1 28.7 4.9 25.2 11.9 100 1970 24.1 18.6 6.6 31.1 19.0 100 1980 11.9 3.8 4.8 59.4 19.1 100 1990 11.6 3.1 4.1 26.5 52.7 100 2001 7.9 1.9 3.6 16.3 65.2 100 Developing Africa 1960 32.9 41.8 10.5 4.1 10.3 100 1970 24.4 20.7 13.2 29.3 11.1 100 1980 11.7 3.8 8.4 67.0 8.2 100 1990 12.0 4.0 5.5 49.5 20.1 100 2001 12.8 4.5 4.8 46.1 30.6 100 Developing America 1960 40.6 18.7 5.3 31.9 3.4 100 1970 39.3 16.5 8.6 24.7 10.6 100 1980 29.1 3.1 9.5 42.4 14.7 100 1990 27.3 3.3 11.9 25.2 31.4 100 2001 16.8 2.3 6.1 15.4 58.0 100 Developing Asia 1960 18.9 30.0 1.9 30.0 18.8 100 1970 14.0 18.3 2.0 36.6 28.6 100 1980 6.8 4.1 2.2 62.4 23.6 100 1990 7.7 2.9 1.8 22.7 63.8 100 2001 5.3 1.7 2.9 14.5 69.3 100 Developing Oceania 1960 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1970 31.7 49.4 .. 1.0 17.4 100 1980 42.9 4.8 36.3 1.4 12.3 100 1990 20.6 7.3 29.5 2.4 27.6 100 2001 16.4 3.7 22.9 13.4 36.5 100 Countries in Central and Eastern Europe 1960 14.3 13.6 2.1 12.4 56.8 100 1970 10.6 10.0 3.3 9.2 59.1 100 1980 6.6 4.3 3.4 25.9 51.5 100 1990 5.7 5.3 7.7 30.5 47.7 100 2001 4.6 2.6 4.8 22.3 55.7 100 Developed countries 1960 13.7 12.8 3.3 4.0 64.7 100 1970 10.7 8.5 3.3 3.4 72.4 100 1980 11.2 3.5 4.8 7.0 71.3 100 1990 8.9 2.8 3.2 4.2 78.4 100 2001 7.4 1.8 2.6 4.7 79.7 100 Distribution of imports of primary commodities and manufactured goods by origin [1] % of total primary commodities imports % of total manufactured goods imports Year Developing countries Countries in Central and Eastern Europe Developed countries Developing countries Countries in Central and Eastern Europe Developed countries 1960 44.1 9.0 46.8 5.5 11.2 83.2 1970 41.3 9.2 49.5 5.9 10.0 84.0 1980 54.4 7.6 38.0 10.4 7.8 81.8 1990 39.6 10.4 49.9 17.7 3.9 78.4 2001 43.3 7.5 49.2 27.5 3.5 69.0 57
Page 1:
2004 Development and Globalization:
Page 4 and 5:
ii Note Development and Globalizati
Page 6 and 7:
This publication was prepared by a
Page 8 and 9:
vi Contents Notes ii Foreword iii A
Page 11 and 12:
1 Countries, population and economi
Page 13 and 14:
3 000 2 000 1 000 0 180 120 60 0 50
Page 15 and 16: 33 Exports by commodity group, 2001
Page 17 and 18: 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 140 1
Page 19 and 20: 2001 1990 1980 1970 12 8 4 0 600 50
Page 21 and 22: Population structure by age, 2000 [
Page 23 and 24: 1970 2000 Illiteracy rate [1] Devel
Page 25 and 26: 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Ma
Page 27 and 28: 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Participation o
Page 29 and 30: Share of nominal GDP by region, 200
Page 31: 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Gross dom
Page 34 and 35: OVERVIEW DEFINITIONS Total aggregat
Page 36 and 37: 26 2.1 External finance and debt OV
Page 38 and 39: OVERVIEW DEFINITIONS The total exte
Page 40 and 41: OVERVIEW DEFINITIONS Ratios of debt
Page 42 and 43: OVERVIEW DEFINITIONS Global foreign
Page 44 and 45: OVERVIEW DEFINITIONS In the past tw
Page 46 and 47: 36 2.2 Foreign direct investment OV
Page 49 and 50: 3 Transnational corporations and fo
Page 51 and 52: World's top 50 non-financial TNCs i
Page 53 and 54: Largest transnational corporations
Page 55: Selected indicators of internationa
Page 58 and 59: OVERVIEW DEFINITIONS In 2002 the va
Page 60 and 61: OVERVIEW DEFINITIONS An important f
Page 62 and 63: OVERVIEW DEFINITIONS Over the past
Page 64 and 65: OVERVIEW DEFINITIONS The past 30 ye
Page 68 and 69: OVERVIEW DEFINITIONS Between 1980 a
Page 70 and 71: OVERVIEW DEFINITIONS International
Page 72 and 73: OVERVIEW DEFINITIONS The main devel
Page 74 and 75: OVERVIEW DEFINITIONS The world’s
Page 76 and 77: OVERVIEW DEFINITIONS International
Page 78 and 79: OVERVIEW DEFINITIONS Tariffs of dev
Page 80 and 81: OVERVIEW DEFINITIONS The past two d
Page 83 and 84: 5 Production and international trad
Page 85 and 86: Production of selected commodities
Page 87 and 88: 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 120 100 8
Page 89 and 90: 1966 2000 Share of commodity export
Page 91 and 92: 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Dist
Page 93 and 94: Commodity price indices [1] 400 300
Page 95: 50 40 30 20 10 Commodity price vola
Page 98 and 99: OVERVIEW DEFINITIONS Global industr
Page 100 and 101: 90 6.2 International trade in manuf
Page 102 and 103: 92 6.2 International trade in manuf
Page 105 and 106: 7 Information and communication tec
Page 107 and 108: Developed countries Developed count
Page 109: 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 4 00
Page 112 and 113: AFRICA 58 North Africa 7 Algeria Eg
Page 114 and 115: CEPGL 3 (Economic Community of the
Page 116 and 117:
ANCOM Andean Community APEC Asia-Pa
Page 118 and 119:
Designed and printed by Publishing
show all

Development and Globalization: - Unctad

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?