COST Action E 52 - vTI - Bund.de

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138 a low available water capacity and on poorly-drained clay soils where a high winter water-table can truncate beech root runs. Low-level ozone pollution from vehicle exhausts may exacerbate the impacts on beech by restricting stomatal closure during drought episodes, and there may be interactions with the periodic beech mast (Matthews 1955). Recently, increment coring techniques have been used to investigate these effects by studying ring-width patterns in mature beech over the past four decades (Wilson et al. 2008). • climate-change impacts – there has been increasing concern over recent years as to the potential impacts of predicted climate change on beech populations in Britain, particularly within the natural range in southern England (Broadmeadow, Ray, Samuel 2005). Climates within this region are already prone to summer soil moisture deficits due to low annual rainfall (locally 500 – 600 mm) and extended periods of drought. Summer droughts are predicted to become more frequent and severe over the next rotation under future climate scenarios considered by the UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP). Analyses using information about the climatic tolerances of beech (for example the Ellenberg beech quotient) have indicated that beech may suffer decreases in vigour and yield performance in parts of its British natural range within this time period, with local mortality on vulnerable soil types, following episodes of severe summer drought (Wilson 2006, Wilson et al. 2008). Air pollution may also be a contributory factor. This has implications both for its suitability for timber production and for the conservation of Annex I lowland beech woodland habitat types (Wesche 2003). Consideration is being given to the refugial potential of beechwoods in the British uplands, beyond the current natural range, which may be less vulnerable to climatic change (Wilson 2006). This may promote changes to nature conservation policy and practice in upland beech and other woodlands. • Provenance trials – to address climatic challenges to beech, Great Britain is currently participating in European-level beech provenance trial series, with two active fully replicated trial sites located within the British natural range of beech in south eastern England. These trials are under 15 years of age. There are also some smaller, more weakly replicated, trials of European beech provenances, stemming from the early 1950s, which are amenable to rapid mid-rotation re-assessment at the present time. seLecT bIbLIoGraPhy oF brITIsh beech Avery B. W. 1958. A sequence of beechwood soils on the Chiltern hills, England. Journal of Soil Science, 9: 210-224. Birks H. J. B. 1989. Holocene isochrone maps and patterns of tree-spreading in the British Isles. Journal of Biogeography, 16: 503-540. Broadmeadow M. S. J., Ray D., Samuel C. J. A. 2005. Climate change and the future for broadleaved tree species in Britain. Forestry, 8/2: 145-162. Brown J. M. B. 1953. Studies on British beechwoods. Forestry Commission Bulletin 20. London, Forestry Commission. Ennos R., Worrell R., Arkle P., Malcolm D. 2000. Genetic variation and conservation of British native trees and shrubs: current knowledge and policy implications. Forestry Commission Technical Paper 31. Edinburgh, Forestry Commission.
Herbert R., Samuel S., Patterson G. 1999. Using local stock for planting native trees and shrubs. Forestry Commission Practice Note 8. Edinburgh, Forestry Commission. Hubert J., Cundall E. 2006. Choosing provenance in broadleaved trees. Forestry Commission Information Note 82. Edinburgh, Forestry Commission. Hubert J., Cottrell J. 200 . The role of forest genetic resources in helping British forests respond to climate change. Forestry Commission Information Note 8 . Edinburgh, Forestry Commission. Innes J. L. 1988. An assessment of the use of crown condition for the determination of the health of beech (Fagus sylvatica). Forestry, 1: 113-130. Lines R. 1999. Seed origins of oak and beech used by the Forestry Commission from 1920 to 1990. Quarterly Journal of Forestry, 93/3: 1 1-1 . Lonsdale D., Wainhouse D. 198 . Beech bark disease. Forestry Commission Bulletin 69. Edinburgh, Forestry Commission. Matthews J. D. 1955. The influence of weather on the frequency of beech mast years in England. Forestry, 28: 10 -116. Peterken G. F. 1993. Woodland Conservation and Management. 2nd edition. London, Chapman and Hall. Peterken G. F., Mountford E. P. 1996. Effects of drought in Lady Park Wood, an unmanaged mixed deciduous woodland. Forestry, 69: 125-136. Power S. A., Ashmore M. R., Ling K. A. 1995. Recent trends in beech tree health in southern Britain and the influence of soil type. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 85: 1293-1298. Rackham O. 2003. Ancient woodland: its history, vegetation and uses in England. Dalbeattie, Castlepoint Press. Read H. J., Wheater C. P., Forbes V., Young J. 2010. The current status of ancient pollard beech trees at Burnham Beeches and evaluation of recent restoration work. Quarterly Journal of Forestry, 104/2: 109-120. Rodwell J. S. (ed.) 1991. British Plant Communities. 1. Woodlands and Scrub. Publication of the National Vegetation Classification (NVC). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Savill P. S., Fennessy J., Samuel C. J. A. 2005. Approaches in Great Britain and Ireland to the genetic improvement of broadleaved trees. Forestry, 8/2: 163-1 3. Stribley G. H. 2005. Decline in the health of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees in southern England monitored from 1989 to 2002. Quarterly Journal of Forestry, 99: 193-200. Tansley A. G. 1911. Types of British Vegetation. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Tansley A. G. 1939. The British Islands and their Vegetation. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Watt A. S. 1923/25. On the ecology of British beechwoods, with special reference to their regeneration. Journal of Ecology, 11: 1-48; 12: 145-204; 13: 2 - 3. Watt A. S. 1931. Preliminary observations on Scottish beechwoods. Journal of Ecology, 19: 13 -15 , 321-359. 139
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Sonderheft 350 Special Issue COST A
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Landbauforschung vTI Agriculture an
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COST Action E52 Genetic resources o
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Ernő Führer - Csaba Mátyás - Gy
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Genetic resources of beech in Europ
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The sTaTus oF euroPeaN beech (Fagus
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• Beech (Fagus), 19 ,093 ha; with
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Fig. 3: Mixed forest of European be
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TreaTmeNT oF beech In forest with a
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Tab. 2: E. beech Nature Reserve Int
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Tab. 4: Percentage of defoliation a
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“Qaf Shtame” national park, in
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Qiriazi P., Sala S., 2006. Nature M
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Armenia is characterized by a mount
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Fig. 3: Leaves of oriental beech (h
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The Georgian oak forests prefer the
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Fig. 5: Map of oriental beech distr
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PesTs, dIseases aNd abIoTIc ImPacTs
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Khanjyan N. 2004. Specially protect
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was reported by Polaczek (1954) who
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Fig. 2: Selected target trees in a
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Tab. 2: Compilation of different as
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Schadauer K., Büchsenmeister R., S
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Fig. 1: Provenances regions in Belg
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Fig. 3: Regenerated stand by clumps
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eFereNces 1 http://environnement.wa
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Fig. 1: Distribution of European be
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activities already during medieval
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established aimed at seed productio
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Fig. 4: Sub-Mediterranean type of d
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CURRENT STATE OF EUROPEAN BEECH (FA
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Fig. 2: Map of natural range of Fag
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The health status of beech forests
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Under the auspices of the Internati
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Velinova K., Naydenova T., Dakov A.
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the Adriatic coast, while in the co
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Fig. 1: Provenace regions and seed
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Fig. 2: International beech provena
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Official Gazette NN 140/05, 2005: Z
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European beech is distributed almos
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According to the Report about fores
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The most important ex situ conserva
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eFereNces Čermák K., Hofman J., K
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Page 95 and 96: GeNeTIc resources maNaGemeNT IN Fra
Page 97 and 98: Fig. 2: Beech provenance region lim
Page 99 and 100: eFereNces Anonymous 2008. Cours des
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Page 105 and 106: Georgia 52 associations (forest typ
Page 107 and 108: - Matured and over-aged groups acco
Page 109 and 110: Fig. 5. Scheme of structure at heig
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Page 113 and 114: • Elaborating and implementation
Page 115 and 116: curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN beech (Fa
Page 117 and 118: other forest species or grassland.
Page 119 and 120: Fig. 1: The 26 regions of provenanc
Page 121 and 122: the earnings for the forest owner f
Page 123 and 124: Küster H. 1998. Geschichte des Wal
Page 125 and 126: have had human assistance in this c
Page 127 and 128: elow 300 m a. s. l. The species has
Page 129 and 130: Tab. 2: Age class distribution of t
Page 131 and 132: with the intention that stands woul
Page 133 and 134: Tab. 3: European-level beech woodla
Page 135 and 136: Sourcing of forest reproductive mat
Page 137 and 138: Recently the four British Regions o
Page 139: defoliation, and in severe cases, s
Page 143 and 144: curreNT sTaTus oF GeNeTIc resources
Page 145 and 146: Fagetalia (Fagetum) Abietion cephal
Page 147 and 148: Regions of provenances: The whole c
Page 149 and 150: sILvIcuLTure, reGeNeraTIoN, ForesT
Page 151 and 152: decidua), oaks (Quercus spp.) or no
Page 153 and 154: Spanos K. A., Trakolis D., Spanos I
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Page 157 and 158: Fig. 2: Climatic envelope of beech
Page 159 and 160: eGIsTered sources oF reProducTIve m
Page 161 and 162: maIN beech dIseases aNd PesTs Europ
Page 163 and 164: In the field of forest genetic rese
Page 165 and 166: Mátyás V. 1969. Influence des con
Page 167 and 168: A recent inventory of all forest la
Page 169 and 170: Photo 1: Stand of beech in Kilbora
Page 171 and 172: In 1995 and again in 1998 Ireland p
Page 173 and 174: GeNeTIc resources oF beech IN ITaLy
Page 175 and 176: Provenance studies revealed differe
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Page 179 and 180: A very peculiarly feature of this b
Page 181 and 182: absTracT curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN
Page 183 and 184: Natural distribution of Fagus sylva
Page 185 and 186: de Vries S. M. G. 1998a. Activities
Page 187 and 188: Fig. 1: Natural distribution of Eur
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Gömöry D., Paule L., Schvadchak M
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GeNeTIc resources oF beech (Fagus s
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Fig. 2: The protected area of “Ca
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Monotropa hypopitis. Most of these
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coNservaTIoN aNd raTIoNaL uTILIZaTI
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eFereNces Andreev V. N. 195 . Derev
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curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN beech (Fa
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Dumitreşti, Dobra, Voineşti, Bâr
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centre of Poland. The highest value
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Chira D., Dănescu F., Geambaşu N.
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*** 2008. Legea nr. 46/2008: Codul
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and/or Eastern beech. For most char
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dIsTrIbuTIoN, ForesT commuNITIes aN
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(Willd. ex Fr.) Karst., Fomitopsis
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eFereNces Becker M. 1981. Taxonomie
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Society of Geneticists of Serbia an
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Because of its high share in the tr
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purposes is allowed to be procured
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absTracT curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN
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the Sub-Mediterranean and in the hi
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euroPeaN beech GeNe PooL PreservaTI
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eech domINaTed ForesT soIL ecosysTe
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Culiberg M. 1994. Dezertifikacija i
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Šercelj A. 1996. Začetki in razvo
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1 2 Region of provenance Altitude (
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sILvIcuLTure aNd ForesT maNaGemeNT
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Ibáñez J. I. 1989. El haya (Fagus
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GeNeraL INFormaTIoN abouT beech IN
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Cheaper and better ways to regenera
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climate on forests and implications
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ecoLoGy aNd dIsTrIbuTIoN oF beech I
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Fig. 2: Map of the Swiss provenance
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eech uNder chaNGING eNvIroNmeNTaL F
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e52/wuehlisch.pdf Zimmermann N. E.,
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egions reach down to the Murat Moun
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characTerIsTIcs aNd ForesT maNaGeme
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Wide distribution of oriental beech
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zones and marginal populations and
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euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
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On the eastern limit, beech occurs
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of felling area only, whereas the r
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sylvatica L. на північно-
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Reviewers Directory Prof. alexander
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dr. eduardo Notivol C.I.T.A. - Gove
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334 Hans-Dieter Haenel (Hrsg.) (201
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