COST Action E 52 - vTI - Bund.de

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GeNeTIc resources, coNservaTIoN aNd The use oF ForesT reProducTIve maTerIaL Most of the beech plantations in The Netherlands are planted, an unknown amount with imported plant material and from unknown sources. However, inventories showed that there is still some beech forest from putative autochthonous origin. This autochthonous material is scarce, often located on private estates or nature reserves and therefore less easily accessible and the price of seeds and plants is therefore relatively high. As a result of an often negative selection in the forests owned by community (the best performing trees were harvested first) in the past it appears that the quality of trees from these rare sources did not meet the requirements in terms of forestry standards mentioned in the former EU Directive on Forest Reproductive Material (no. 66/404/EEC) (de Vries 1998a, b). However, the new Directive on Forest Reproductive Material (no. 1999/105/EEC) is now implemented in Dutch National Law, in the Seed and Plant Act 2005. This new Directive enables EU countries to introduce a new category “Source Identified Basic Material” (SI) in their National Catalogues of basic material. This opened new ways and possibilities for autochthonous seed sources of beech to be included in the system of certification of Forest Reproductive Material and to be used in restoration projects of original ecosystems and forests. In this category of SI to date three areas of beech forest with a total of 440 ha have been selected with the aim of gene conservation and use of this valuable original genetic material. The Dutch List of Recommended Varieties and Provenances of Trees is issued every other five years; the latest was issued in June 200 covering the period from 200 to 2012. Intermediate updates are provided in the case basic material is renewed, removed or changed (Kranenborg, Jager, de Vries 2010). In the category “Selected basic material” a total of 21 stands of beech have been selected by the Board for Plant Varieties (Raad voor plantenrassen) (Anonymous 200 ). The majority of these are roadside plantations. The Dutch List of Recommended Varieties and Provenances of Trees also contains a number of provenances from Germany and Belgium recommended for use in The Netherlands. A National Policy Document of the Government of the Netherlands was introduced during the COP meeting on Biodiversity in The Hague in April 2002: “Sources of Existence: Conservation and the sustainable use of genetic diversity” (Anonymous 2002). It covers genetic resources of all kinds including agricultural and horticultural crops, animal genetic resources and forest genetic resources. The content of this document enables relevant parties to implement the conservation of forest genetic resources in different ways. To date for beech only the designation of nature reserves has taken place and no other initiatives in relation to, for instance, gene banks have been undertaken. In relation to the EU funded project “European Information System on Forest Genetic Resources (EUFGIS)” so far one Gene Conservation Unit (GCU) has been designated for The Netherlands. reFereNces Anonymous. 2002. Bronnen van ons bestaan. Behoud en duurzaam gebruik van Genetische diversiteit. [Sources of Existence. Conservation and the sustainable use of genetic diversity.] Ministerie LNV. Den Haag, maart 2002. 69 p. Anonymus. 200 . Achtste Rassenlijst van Bomen. [8th List of Recommended Varieties and Provenances of Trees.] Raad voor plantenrassen, Ede. 530 pp. 182
de Vries S. M. G. 1998a. Activities concerning social broadleaves genetic resources in the Netherlands. In: Turok J., Kremer A., de Vries, S. (eds.): First EUFORGEN Meeting on Social Broadleaves. Bordeaux, France, 23 - 25 October 199 . Rome, International Plant Genetic Resources Institute: 9 -101. de Vries S. M. G. 1998b. Das niederländische Programm zur Erhaltung forstgenetischer Ressourcen. In: Geburek Th., Heinze B. (eds.): Erhaltung genetischer Ressourcen im Wald - Normen, Programme, Maßnahmen. Landsberg, Ecomed-Verlagsgesellschaft: 110-119. de Vries S. M. G. 200 . Beuk kan klimaatverandering doorstaan. [Beech can withstand climate change.] De Boomkwekerij, 50: 14-15. Houtzagers G. 1954. Houtteelt der gematigde luchtstreek. Deel 1: De Houtsoorten. [Silviculture in temperate zones. Part 1: The Trees Species.] N.V. Uitg.-Mij W.E.J. Tjeenk Willink, Zwolle. 5 6 p. Kranenborg K. G., de Vries S. M. G. 2001. Internationaal herkomstonderzoek beuk in Nederland. [International provenance research of beech in The Netherlands.] Wageningen, Alterra, Research Instituut voor de Groene Ruimte. Alterra-rapport 286, 36 p. Kranenborg K. G., Jager K., de Vries S. M. G. 2010. Herkomstonderzoek beuk in Nederland. Wageningen, Centre for Genetic Resources Netherlands. [Provenance research of beech in The Netherlands.] CGN-rapport 2010-16, 32 p. Peters R. 199 . Beech Forests. Dordrecht – Boston – London, Kluwer Academic Publishers: 169 p. Vijfde Nederlandse Bosstatistiek. 200 . Meetnet Functievervulling bos 2001 – 2005. [Monitoring of forest functions 2001 – 2005.] Directie Kennis, Ministerie LNV. Rapport DK nr. 200 /065, Ede. 95 p. Wühlisch G. von, Hansen J. K., Mertens P., Liesebach M., Meierjohann E., Muhs H.-J., Teissier du Cros E., de Vries S. 2008. Variation among Fagus sylvatica and Fagus orientalis provenances in young international field trials. In: 8th IUFRO International Beech Symposium. Nanae, Japan, 2008.09.08-13 p. 4-6 [Abstract]. contacts: Ir. Sven M. G. de Vries Alterra Green World Research PO BOX 4 , 6 00 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands tel. +31 31 485 43 , fax. +31 31 419 000 e-mail: sven.devries@wur.nl Reviewed 183
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Sonderheft 350 Special Issue COST A
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Landbauforschung vTI Agriculture an
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COST Action E52 Genetic resources o
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Ernő Führer - Csaba Mátyás - Gy
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Genetic resources of beech in Europ
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The sTaTus oF euroPeaN beech (Fagus
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• Beech (Fagus), 19 ,093 ha; with
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Fig. 3: Mixed forest of European be
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TreaTmeNT oF beech In forest with a
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Tab. 2: E. beech Nature Reserve Int
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Tab. 4: Percentage of defoliation a
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“Qaf Shtame” national park, in
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Qiriazi P., Sala S., 2006. Nature M
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Armenia is characterized by a mount
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Fig. 3: Leaves of oriental beech (h
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The Georgian oak forests prefer the
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Fig. 5: Map of oriental beech distr
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PesTs, dIseases aNd abIoTIc ImPacTs
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Khanjyan N. 2004. Specially protect
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was reported by Polaczek (1954) who
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Fig. 2: Selected target trees in a
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Tab. 2: Compilation of different as
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Schadauer K., Büchsenmeister R., S
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Fig. 1: Provenances regions in Belg
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Fig. 3: Regenerated stand by clumps
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eFereNces 1 http://environnement.wa
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Fig. 1: Distribution of European be
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activities already during medieval
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established aimed at seed productio
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Fig. 4: Sub-Mediterranean type of d
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CURRENT STATE OF EUROPEAN BEECH (FA
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Fig. 2: Map of natural range of Fag
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The health status of beech forests
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Under the auspices of the Internati
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Velinova K., Naydenova T., Dakov A.
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the Adriatic coast, while in the co
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Fig. 1: Provenace regions and seed
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Fig. 2: International beech provena
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Official Gazette NN 140/05, 2005: Z
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European beech is distributed almos
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According to the Report about fores
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The most important ex situ conserva
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eFereNces Čermák K., Hofman J., K
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Zpráva o stavu lesa a lesního hos
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ForesT maNaGemeNT European beech in
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euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
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GeNeTIc resources maNaGemeNT IN Fra
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Fig. 2: Beech provenance region lim
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eFereNces Anonymous 2008. Cours des
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of Georgia up to 00 - 800 m a.s.l.
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5,0% 5,0% 6,9% 6,9% 0,6% 0 0,6% 4,7
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Georgia 52 associations (forest typ
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- Matured and over-aged groups acco
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Fig. 5. Scheme of structure at heig
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curreNT GeNeTIc coNservaTIoN acTIvI
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• Elaborating and implementation
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curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN beech (Fa
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other forest species or grassland.
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Fig. 1: The 26 regions of provenanc
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the earnings for the forest owner f
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Küster H. 1998. Geschichte des Wal
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have had human assistance in this c
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elow 300 m a. s. l. The species has
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Tab. 2: Age class distribution of t
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with the intention that stands woul
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Page 151 and 152: decidua), oaks (Quercus spp.) or no
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Page 169 and 170: Photo 1: Stand of beech in Kilbora
Page 171 and 172: In 1995 and again in 1998 Ireland p
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Page 179 and 180: A very peculiarly feature of this b
Page 181 and 182: absTracT curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN
Page 183: Natural distribution of Fagus sylva
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Page 197 and 198: Monotropa hypopitis. Most of these
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Page 201 and 202: eFereNces Andreev V. N. 195 . Derev
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Page 207 and 208: centre of Poland. The highest value
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Page 211 and 212: *** 2008. Legea nr. 46/2008: Codul
Page 213 and 214: and/or Eastern beech. For most char
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Page 219 and 220: eFereNces Becker M. 1981. Taxonomie
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Culiberg M. 1994. Dezertifikacija i
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Šercelj A. 1996. Začetki in razvo
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1 2 Region of provenance Altitude (
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sILvIcuLTure aNd ForesT maNaGemeNT
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Ibáñez J. I. 1989. El haya (Fagus
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GeNeraL INFormaTIoN abouT beech IN
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Cheaper and better ways to regenera
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climate on forests and implications
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ecoLoGy aNd dIsTrIbuTIoN oF beech I
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Fig. 2: Map of the Swiss provenance
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eech uNder chaNGING eNvIroNmeNTaL F
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e52/wuehlisch.pdf Zimmermann N. E.,
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egions reach down to the Murat Moun
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characTerIsTIcs aNd ForesT maNaGeme
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Wide distribution of oriental beech
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zones and marginal populations and
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euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
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On the eastern limit, beech occurs
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of felling area only, whereas the r
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sylvatica L. на північно-
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Reviewers Directory Prof. alexander
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dr. eduardo Notivol C.I.T.A. - Gove
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334 Hans-Dieter Haenel (Hrsg.) (201
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