COST Action E 52 - vTI - Bund.de

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Watt A. S. 1934. The vegetation of the Chiltern hills, with special reference to the beechwoods and their seral relationships. Journal of Ecology, 22: 230-2 0, 445-50 . Watt A. S., Tansley A. G. 1930. British Beechwoods. In: Fifth International Botanical Congress Abstract of Communications, p. 105-114. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Wesche S. 2003. The implications of climate change for the conservation of beech woodlands and associated flora in the UK. English Nature Research Report No. 528. Peterborough, English Nature. Wilson S. McG. 2006. The European beech in Scotland: history, distribution and ecological potential. Scottish Forestry, 60/4: 4-13. Wilson S. McG. 2008a. Potential to produce improved beech planting stock for use in Britain. Quarterly Journal of Forestry, 102/1: 35-43. Wilson S. McG. 2008b. Locating superior stands and individuals of beech in Scotland for future tree breeding programmes. Scottish Forestry, 62/1: 18-24. Wilson S. McG., Broadmeadow M., Sanders T. G., Pitman R. 2008. Effect of summer drought on the increment of beech trees in southern England. Quarterly Journal of Forestry, 102/2: 111- 120. For information with respect to the designation and conservation of beech woodland Special Areas of Conservation, refer to www.jncc.gov.uk. For information with respect to the GB National Inventory of Woodlands and Trees (NIWT) and the GB National Forest Inventory (NFI), refer to www.forestry.gov.uk/inventory For information with respect to the control of beech reproductive material in Great Britain, including details of selected Registered Seed Stands, refer to www.forestry.gov.uk/frm For information with respect to research into genetic conservation and tree improvement for British beech, refer to www.forestry.gov.uk/research and www.bihip.org contacts: Dr. Scott McG. Wilson MICFor Consultant Forester and Forest Ecologist 3 Thorngrove Crescent, Aberdeen AB15 FH, Scotland, UK. e- mail: scottmcgwilson@hotmail.com 140 Reviewed
curreNT sTaTus oF GeNeTIc resources oF beech IN Greece KONSTANTINOS SPANOS – DIONYSIOS GAITANIS N. AG. RE. F. - Forest Research Institute, Gr-5 006 Vassilika, Thessaloniki, Greece absTracT The presented work provides an overview of beech forests in Greece. Information on natural distribution of beech and country data are given. Information on the ecology of beech genetics and management of its genetic resources is also provided as well as the importance of beech at present and in the former times. Information on silviculture, propagation and forest management are also highlighted. Type and quality of wood products, volume of standing timber and of wood harvested are summarized. General information on health status, general conditions and threats to beech and its genetic resources and indications of recent climatic impacts on beech forests are provided. Further particularities including scientific studies on beech, the most important problems of beech ecosystems and sustainable silviculture are provided. Key words: European beech, Oxia (in Hellenic), overview, beech forests, taxonomy, genetics, ecology, sustainable silviculture, wood production, forest management NaTuraL dIsTrIbuTIoN oF beech The mountains of Greece are well known for their rich flora and high biodiversity including many endemic species (Dafis 19 3, Strid 1989, Strid, Kit 1991, Dimopoulos, Bergmeier 1998, Dimopoulos et al. 1995, Fady-Welterlen 2005). In Greece, beech ecosystems are very dispersed on the high mountains (Fig. 1), growing on a variety of sites which harbor a rich biodiversity. Beech forests represent about 10.02% (336,600 ha) of the total high forests of Greece and most of these, around 80%, are state forests. Beech grows in the mountains of N, NW, and E Greece, on the Pindos Mountain range up to Mountain Oxia in the central part of the country (Moulopoulos 1961, 1965, Spanos 2010). Altitudinally, it grows from 180 m a. s. l (Kentavros Mountain – Xanthi) up to 1,600 – 2,000 m a. s. l. (mountains of Pindos, Olympos and Oxia). Beech forests have been evaluated systematically by Moulopoulos (1961, 1965) and Dafis (19 3, 1990). According to Moulopoulos (1961, 1965), beech forests are composed of Fagus sylvatica, Fagus moesiaca and Fagus orientalis. Horizontally, Fagus sylvatica is mainly distributed in the central and western mountainous parts of the country, Fagus orientalis in the forests of the eastern parts and Fagus moesiaca in almost all beech forests. Vertically, Fagus orientalis is found on lower altitudes (180 – 1,000 m a. s. l.), Fagus sylvatica in the higher and colder parts (up to 1,100 – 2,000 m a. s. l.) whereas Fagus moesiaca in all altitudinal ranges of beech (Dafis 19 3, 1990). Past studies (Moulopoulos 1961, 1965) have shown that Fagus orientalis is better adapted to relatively drier conditions whereas Fagus sylvatica prefers colder environments. It has been suggested that Fagus moesiaca is a hybrid (Fagus ×moesiaca) of Fagus 141
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Sonderheft 350 Special Issue COST A
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Landbauforschung vTI Agriculture an
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COST Action E52 Genetic resources o
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Ernő Führer - Csaba Mátyás - Gy
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Genetic resources of beech in Europ
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The sTaTus oF euroPeaN beech (Fagus
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• Beech (Fagus), 19 ,093 ha; with
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Fig. 3: Mixed forest of European be
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TreaTmeNT oF beech In forest with a
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Tab. 2: E. beech Nature Reserve Int
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Tab. 4: Percentage of defoliation a
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“Qaf Shtame” national park, in
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Qiriazi P., Sala S., 2006. Nature M
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Armenia is characterized by a mount
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Fig. 3: Leaves of oriental beech (h
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The Georgian oak forests prefer the
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Fig. 5: Map of oriental beech distr
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PesTs, dIseases aNd abIoTIc ImPacTs
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Khanjyan N. 2004. Specially protect
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was reported by Polaczek (1954) who
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Fig. 2: Selected target trees in a
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Tab. 2: Compilation of different as
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Schadauer K., Büchsenmeister R., S
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Fig. 1: Provenances regions in Belg
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Fig. 3: Regenerated stand by clumps
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eFereNces 1 http://environnement.wa
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Fig. 1: Distribution of European be
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activities already during medieval
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established aimed at seed productio
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Fig. 4: Sub-Mediterranean type of d
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CURRENT STATE OF EUROPEAN BEECH (FA
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Fig. 2: Map of natural range of Fag
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The health status of beech forests
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Under the auspices of the Internati
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Velinova K., Naydenova T., Dakov A.
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the Adriatic coast, while in the co
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Fig. 1: Provenace regions and seed
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Fig. 2: International beech provena
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Official Gazette NN 140/05, 2005: Z
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European beech is distributed almos
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According to the Report about fores
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The most important ex situ conserva
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eFereNces Čermák K., Hofman J., K
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Zpráva o stavu lesa a lesního hos
Page 91 and 92: ForesT maNaGemeNT European beech in
Page 93 and 94: euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
Page 95 and 96: GeNeTIc resources maNaGemeNT IN Fra
Page 97 and 98: Fig. 2: Beech provenance region lim
Page 99 and 100: eFereNces Anonymous 2008. Cours des
Page 101 and 102: of Georgia up to 00 - 800 m a.s.l.
Page 103 and 104: 5,0% 5,0% 6,9% 6,9% 0,6% 0 0,6% 4,7
Page 105 and 106: Georgia 52 associations (forest typ
Page 107 and 108: - Matured and over-aged groups acco
Page 109 and 110: Fig. 5. Scheme of structure at heig
Page 111 and 112: curreNT GeNeTIc coNservaTIoN acTIvI
Page 113 and 114: • Elaborating and implementation
Page 115 and 116: curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN beech (Fa
Page 117 and 118: other forest species or grassland.
Page 119 and 120: Fig. 1: The 26 regions of provenanc
Page 121 and 122: the earnings for the forest owner f
Page 123 and 124: Küster H. 1998. Geschichte des Wal
Page 125 and 126: have had human assistance in this c
Page 127 and 128: elow 300 m a. s. l. The species has
Page 129 and 130: Tab. 2: Age class distribution of t
Page 131 and 132: with the intention that stands woul
Page 133 and 134: Tab. 3: European-level beech woodla
Page 135 and 136: Sourcing of forest reproductive mat
Page 137 and 138: Recently the four British Regions o
Page 139 and 140: defoliation, and in severe cases, s
Page 141: Herbert R., Samuel S., Patterson G.
Page 145 and 146: Fagetalia (Fagetum) Abietion cephal
Page 147 and 148: Regions of provenances: The whole c
Page 149 and 150: sILvIcuLTure, reGeNeraTIoN, ForesT
Page 151 and 152: decidua), oaks (Quercus spp.) or no
Page 153 and 154: Spanos K. A., Trakolis D., Spanos I
Page 155 and 156: elevation where beech occurs is ext
Page 157 and 158: Fig. 2: Climatic envelope of beech
Page 159 and 160: eGIsTered sources oF reProducTIve m
Page 161 and 162: maIN beech dIseases aNd PesTs Europ
Page 163 and 164: In the field of forest genetic rese
Page 165 and 166: Mátyás V. 1969. Influence des con
Page 167 and 168: A recent inventory of all forest la
Page 169 and 170: Photo 1: Stand of beech in Kilbora
Page 171 and 172: In 1995 and again in 1998 Ireland p
Page 173 and 174: GeNeTIc resources oF beech IN ITaLy
Page 175 and 176: Provenance studies revealed differe
Page 177 and 178: GeNeTIc resources aNd reProducTIve
Page 179 and 180: A very peculiarly feature of this b
Page 181 and 182: absTracT curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN
Page 183 and 184: Natural distribution of Fagus sylva
Page 185 and 186: de Vries S. M. G. 1998a. Activities
Page 187 and 188: Fig. 1: Natural distribution of Eur
Page 189 and 190: a long enough period for regenerati
Page 191 and 192: Gömöry D., Paule L., Schvadchak M
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GeNeTIc resources oF beech (Fagus s
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Fig. 2: The protected area of “Ca
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Monotropa hypopitis. Most of these
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coNservaTIoN aNd raTIoNaL uTILIZaTI
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eFereNces Andreev V. N. 195 . Derev
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curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN beech (Fa
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Dumitreşti, Dobra, Voineşti, Bâr
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centre of Poland. The highest value
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Chira D., Dănescu F., Geambaşu N.
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*** 2008. Legea nr. 46/2008: Codul
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and/or Eastern beech. For most char
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dIsTrIbuTIoN, ForesT commuNITIes aN
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(Willd. ex Fr.) Karst., Fomitopsis
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eFereNces Becker M. 1981. Taxonomie
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Society of Geneticists of Serbia an
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Because of its high share in the tr
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purposes is allowed to be procured
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absTracT curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN
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the Sub-Mediterranean and in the hi
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euroPeaN beech GeNe PooL PreservaTI
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eech domINaTed ForesT soIL ecosysTe
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Culiberg M. 1994. Dezertifikacija i
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Šercelj A. 1996. Začetki in razvo
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1 2 Region of provenance Altitude (
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sILvIcuLTure aNd ForesT maNaGemeNT
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Ibáñez J. I. 1989. El haya (Fagus
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GeNeraL INFormaTIoN abouT beech IN
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Cheaper and better ways to regenera
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climate on forests and implications
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ecoLoGy aNd dIsTrIbuTIoN oF beech I
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Fig. 2: Map of the Swiss provenance
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eech uNder chaNGING eNvIroNmeNTaL F
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e52/wuehlisch.pdf Zimmermann N. E.,
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egions reach down to the Murat Moun
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characTerIsTIcs aNd ForesT maNaGeme
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Wide distribution of oriental beech
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zones and marginal populations and
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euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
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On the eastern limit, beech occurs
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of felling area only, whereas the r
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sylvatica L. на північно-
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Reviewers Directory Prof. alexander
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dr. eduardo Notivol C.I.T.A. - Gove
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334 Hans-Dieter Haenel (Hrsg.) (201
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