COST Action E 52 - vTI - Bund.de

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Beech high forests are most common in southern Italy where they play an important and attractive role in many protected areas, such as in the Abruzzi and Gran Sasso-Maiella National Parks. Many beech stands, including those near ‘old-growth’ forest types, are listed under NATURA 2000 conservation sites. sILvIcuLTure aNd ForesT maNaGemeNT The present structure of beech forests in Italy is as a result of many interacting factors. One of the greatest impactas has been the type of cultivation and management which has characterized the history of each stand (Nocentini 2009). Beech coppice is generally clear felled leaving 60 – 80 standards per hectare. Rotation age is usually 24 – 30 years. A particular type of beech coppice is ‘selection coppice’ (or uneven aged coppice), where shoots of different ages (usually three age classes) grow on each stump (Giannini, Piussi 19 6). Over the last few decades, forest policies have been increasingly directed to favouring beech coppice conversion to high forests, considered more productive and ecologically more desirable. In general, conversion to high forest has been carried out, progressively reducing density by frequent thinning of the shoots. The aim is to favour growth of the best stems and at the same time reduce re-sprouting (Bagnaresi, Giannini 1999). Conversion to high forest is completed with seedling establishment following regeneration felling. Conversion to high forest requires a long period of time, varying in relation to site quality, but generally it takes several decades, often up to 60 – 80 (100) years after the first thinning (Nocentini 2009). In high forest management, the uniform shelterwood system is usually prescribed because of the supposed natural tendency of beech towards even-aged structures. Plans usually prescribe rotation ages varying between 100 and 140 years. Most of beech high forests, especially in the southern regions, have a complex structure which is the result of the particular type of selection felling carried out by the owners. These are repeated in each compartment at short intervals (8 – 10 years), creating small gaps – 40 to 100 square meters – where beech regeneration quickly sets in. This type of forest management, not part of regular management plans, but described according to unwritten rules passed on by owners and woodsmen from generation to generation, can be considered as a part of local traditional knowledge. Silviculture and management aspects, which are currently under investigation, present the possibility of managing beech stands with the objective of increasing structural diversity. Particularly interesting are the results of investigations, currently undertaken , on the structure, regeneration and productivity of beech high forests following small group selection felling (Ciancio et al. 2008). Of importance also are the investigations on natural beech regeneration in even-aged, monospecific stands of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the northern Apennines and in Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) plantations, where the management objective is to favour re-naturalization, i. e. the gradual transformation towards self-regenerating, mixed stands with complex structures (Nocentini 2009). GeNeTIcs The genetic variability and the phylogeographic relationships as well as phenological and growth parameters or molecular genetic features of Italian beech populations were extensively analyzed in the past years using a variety of traditional and molecular approaches. 1 2
Provenance studies revealed differences in chilling needs (Bagni et al. 1980), bud break and flushing (Borghetti, Giannini 1982), phenology, xylem embolism (Borghetti et al. 1993) and drought resistance (Tognetti, Johnson, Michelozzi 1995). Molecular fingerprinting with isozyme markers in 21 Italian populations (Leonardi, Menozzi 1995) revealed levels of genetic diversity comparable to those reported for European stands. Similar values were also reported by Belletti et Lanteri (1996) for 11 stands from Piemonte (north-western Italy). I-SSRs and RAPDs (DNA based markers) were able to detect a higher level of variability for a population from the Northern Apennine region (Troggio et al. 1996) and to obtain a preliminary estimation of pollen migration. Fig. 1: Distribution of beech forests in Italy (From: Corine Land Cover 2000. Reports 36/2005. APAT, Rome, 2005) 1 3
Page 1 and 2:
Sonderheft 350 Special Issue COST A
Page 3 and 4:
Landbauforschung vTI Agriculture an
Page 5:
COST Action E52 Genetic resources o
Page 8 and 9:
Ernő Führer - Csaba Mátyás - Gy
Page 10 and 11:
Genetic resources of beech in Europ
Page 13 and 14:
The sTaTus oF euroPeaN beech (Fagus
Page 15 and 16:
• Beech (Fagus), 19 ,093 ha; with
Page 17 and 18:
Fig. 3: Mixed forest of European be
Page 19 and 20:
TreaTmeNT oF beech In forest with a
Page 21 and 22:
Tab. 2: E. beech Nature Reserve Int
Page 23 and 24:
Tab. 4: Percentage of defoliation a
Page 25 and 26:
“Qaf Shtame” national park, in
Page 27 and 28:
Qiriazi P., Sala S., 2006. Nature M
Page 29 and 30:
Armenia is characterized by a mount
Page 31 and 32:
Fig. 3: Leaves of oriental beech (h
Page 33 and 34:
The Georgian oak forests prefer the
Page 35 and 36:
Fig. 5: Map of oriental beech distr
Page 37 and 38:
PesTs, dIseases aNd abIoTIc ImPacTs
Page 39 and 40:
Khanjyan N. 2004. Specially protect
Page 41 and 42:
was reported by Polaczek (1954) who
Page 43 and 44:
Fig. 2: Selected target trees in a
Page 45 and 46:
Tab. 2: Compilation of different as
Page 47 and 48:
Schadauer K., Büchsenmeister R., S
Page 49 and 50:
Fig. 1: Provenances regions in Belg
Page 51 and 52:
Fig. 3: Regenerated stand by clumps
Page 53 and 54:
eFereNces 1 http://environnement.wa
Page 55 and 56:
Fig. 1: Distribution of European be
Page 57 and 58:
activities already during medieval
Page 59 and 60:
established aimed at seed productio
Page 61 and 62:
Fig. 4: Sub-Mediterranean type of d
Page 63 and 64:
CURRENT STATE OF EUROPEAN BEECH (FA
Page 65 and 66:
Fig. 2: Map of natural range of Fag
Page 67 and 68:
The health status of beech forests
Page 69 and 70:
Under the auspices of the Internati
Page 71 and 72:
Velinova K., Naydenova T., Dakov A.
Page 73 and 74:
the Adriatic coast, while in the co
Page 75 and 76:
Fig. 1: Provenace regions and seed
Page 77 and 78:
Fig. 2: International beech provena
Page 79 and 80:
Official Gazette NN 140/05, 2005: Z
Page 81 and 82:
European beech is distributed almos
Page 83 and 84:
According to the Report about fores
Page 85 and 86:
The most important ex situ conserva
Page 87 and 88:
eFereNces Čermák K., Hofman J., K
Page 89 and 90:
Zpráva o stavu lesa a lesního hos
Page 91 and 92:
ForesT maNaGemeNT European beech in
Page 93 and 94:
euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
Page 95 and 96:
GeNeTIc resources maNaGemeNT IN Fra
Page 97 and 98:
Fig. 2: Beech provenance region lim
Page 99 and 100:
eFereNces Anonymous 2008. Cours des
Page 101 and 102:
of Georgia up to 00 - 800 m a.s.l.
Page 103 and 104:
5,0% 5,0% 6,9% 6,9% 0,6% 0 0,6% 4,7
Page 105 and 106:
Georgia 52 associations (forest typ
Page 107 and 108:
- Matured and over-aged groups acco
Page 109 and 110:
Fig. 5. Scheme of structure at heig
Page 111 and 112:
curreNT GeNeTIc coNservaTIoN acTIvI
Page 113 and 114:
• Elaborating and implementation
Page 115 and 116:
curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN beech (Fa
Page 117 and 118:
other forest species or grassland.
Page 119 and 120:
Fig. 1: The 26 regions of provenanc
Page 121 and 122:
the earnings for the forest owner f
Page 123 and 124: Küster H. 1998. Geschichte des Wal
Page 125 and 126: have had human assistance in this c
Page 127 and 128: elow 300 m a. s. l. The species has
Page 129 and 130: Tab. 2: Age class distribution of t
Page 131 and 132: with the intention that stands woul
Page 133 and 134: Tab. 3: European-level beech woodla
Page 135 and 136: Sourcing of forest reproductive mat
Page 137 and 138: Recently the four British Regions o
Page 139 and 140: defoliation, and in severe cases, s
Page 141 and 142: Herbert R., Samuel S., Patterson G.
Page 143 and 144: curreNT sTaTus oF GeNeTIc resources
Page 145 and 146: Fagetalia (Fagetum) Abietion cephal
Page 147 and 148: Regions of provenances: The whole c
Page 149 and 150: sILvIcuLTure, reGeNeraTIoN, ForesT
Page 151 and 152: decidua), oaks (Quercus spp.) or no
Page 153 and 154: Spanos K. A., Trakolis D., Spanos I
Page 155 and 156: elevation where beech occurs is ext
Page 157 and 158: Fig. 2: Climatic envelope of beech
Page 159 and 160: eGIsTered sources oF reProducTIve m
Page 161 and 162: maIN beech dIseases aNd PesTs Europ
Page 163 and 164: In the field of forest genetic rese
Page 165 and 166: Mátyás V. 1969. Influence des con
Page 167 and 168: A recent inventory of all forest la
Page 169 and 170: Photo 1: Stand of beech in Kilbora
Page 171 and 172: In 1995 and again in 1998 Ireland p
Page 173: GeNeTIc resources oF beech IN ITaLy
Page 177 and 178: GeNeTIc resources aNd reProducTIve
Page 179 and 180: A very peculiarly feature of this b
Page 181 and 182: absTracT curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN
Page 183 and 184: Natural distribution of Fagus sylva
Page 185 and 186: de Vries S. M. G. 1998a. Activities
Page 187 and 188: Fig. 1: Natural distribution of Eur
Page 189 and 190: a long enough period for regenerati
Page 191 and 192: Gömöry D., Paule L., Schvadchak M
Page 193 and 194: GeNeTIc resources oF beech (Fagus s
Page 195 and 196: Fig. 2: The protected area of “Ca
Page 197 and 198: Monotropa hypopitis. Most of these
Page 199 and 200: coNservaTIoN aNd raTIoNaL uTILIZaTI
Page 201 and 202: eFereNces Andreev V. N. 195 . Derev
Page 203 and 204: curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN beech (Fa
Page 205 and 206: Dumitreşti, Dobra, Voineşti, Bâr
Page 207 and 208: centre of Poland. The highest value
Page 209 and 210: Chira D., Dănescu F., Geambaşu N.
Page 211 and 212: *** 2008. Legea nr. 46/2008: Codul
Page 213 and 214: and/or Eastern beech. For most char
Page 215 and 216: dIsTrIbuTIoN, ForesT commuNITIes aN
Page 217 and 218: (Willd. ex Fr.) Karst., Fomitopsis
Page 219 and 220: eFereNces Becker M. 1981. Taxonomie
Page 221 and 222: Society of Geneticists of Serbia an
Page 223 and 224: Because of its high share in the tr
Page 225 and 226:
purposes is allowed to be procured
Page 227 and 228:
absTracT curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN
Page 229 and 230:
the Sub-Mediterranean and in the hi
Page 231 and 232:
euroPeaN beech GeNe PooL PreservaTI
Page 233 and 234:
eech domINaTed ForesT soIL ecosysTe
Page 235 and 236:
Culiberg M. 1994. Dezertifikacija i
Page 237 and 238:
Šercelj A. 1996. Začetki in razvo
Page 239 and 240:
1 2 Region of provenance Altitude (
Page 241 and 242:
sILvIcuLTure aNd ForesT maNaGemeNT
Page 243 and 244:
Ibáñez J. I. 1989. El haya (Fagus
Page 245 and 246:
GeNeraL INFormaTIoN abouT beech IN
Page 247 and 248:
Cheaper and better ways to regenera
Page 249 and 250:
climate on forests and implications
Page 251 and 252:
ecoLoGy aNd dIsTrIbuTIoN oF beech I
Page 253 and 254:
Fig. 2: Map of the Swiss provenance
Page 255 and 256:
eech uNder chaNGING eNvIroNmeNTaL F
Page 257 and 258:
e52/wuehlisch.pdf Zimmermann N. E.,
Page 259 and 260:
egions reach down to the Murat Moun
Page 261 and 262:
characTerIsTIcs aNd ForesT maNaGeme
Page 263 and 264:
Wide distribution of oriental beech
Page 265 and 266:
zones and marginal populations and
Page 267 and 268:
euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
Page 269 and 270:
On the eastern limit, beech occurs
Page 271 and 272:
of felling area only, whereas the r
Page 273 and 274:
sylvatica L. на північно-
Page 275 and 276:
Reviewers Directory Prof. alexander
Page 277:
dr. eduardo Notivol C.I.T.A. - Gove
Page 280:
334 Hans-Dieter Haenel (Hrsg.) (201
show all

COST Action E 52 - vTI - Bund.de

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?