COST Action E 52 - vTI - Bund.de

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Fig. 4: Distribution of European beech area (high forests) according to age classes (Source: Ecological Survey: Virgin forests in Albania, adapted by H. Haska) Fig. 5: Distribution of European beech volume (high forest) according to age classes (Source: Ecological Survey: Virgin forests in Albania, adapted by H. Haska) Fig. 6: Distribution of European beech surface (high forest) according to production classis (Source: Ecological Survey: Virgin forests in Albania, adapted by H. Haska) 16 ha 40,000 40000 35,000 35000 30,000 30000 25,000 25000 20,000 20000 15,000 15000 10,000 10000 5,000 5000 0 m³ 10,000,000 10000000 9,000,000 9000000 8,000,000 8000000 7,000,000 7000000 6,000,000 6000000 5,000,000 5000000 4,000,000 4000000 3,000,000 3000000 2,000,000 2000000 1,000,000 1000000 0 ha 90,000 90000 80,000 80000 70,000 70000 65,000 60000 50,000 50000 40,000 40000 30,000 30000 20,000 20000 10,000 10000 00 I II III IV V VI VII > VII I II III IV V VI VII > VII I II III IV V
TreaTmeNT oF beech In forest with a production function there is a need to implement different silvicultural treatments such as cleaning, thinning, and harvesting. Treatment methods for different forest types and different management practices vary according to the purpose of the forest. In Albanian forests, the practice of successive felling and cutting with clearcuts have proved most successful and have guaranteed forest production continuity as well as the development of regeneration which has protected forest land from erosion. Experiments with cutting in horizontal and vertical belts or with clearcuts have been also undertaken. These treatment methods with cutting have always been carried out in consideration with specific biological characteristics such as the actual forest stands structure as well as the orographic and climatic conditions where the forest stands are located. So for European beech forests in Albania successive cutting with clearfelling are carried out. Beech usually has good natural regeneration capacity especially in stands over 100 – 120 years. For forest stands in first production class that are over 80 years of age, it is the practice to manage with three intervention cuttings and in some special cases with only two intervention cuttings. These cuttings are always made with a view to secure new natural regeneration in the forest. Seeds cutting intensity has varied from 25 to 35% of parcel or sub parcel volume. Light cutting intensity and definitive cutting are undertaken in relation to conditions of regeneration and development of seedling after seed cutting. In cases where amount of seedling are high and are distributed in a evenly, then a final cutting to allow light into the stand may be undertaken. Generally the natural regeneration period for beech is five to ten years. Final cutting is applied when seedling have reached 30 – 80 cm high and have a density 3 – 5 seedlings for m2 with even distribution over the entire surface of the forest stands. In the mixed forests with beech and conifers (pine, fir), preferences are given to conifers during applied treatment methods, because conifers are considered more valuable. The data from different studies combined with some general calculations on wood production and presented as the annual harvesting possibility for forests in Albania is estimated at over 1,520,000 m3 , from which 4 ,000 m3 are commercial timber and 3,000 m3 are firewood. More wood is harvested from beech forests as beech forests cover 43% of total forest. It should also be noted that in general many beech forests are used for the collection of firewood as well as foliage and leaves as fodder for animals, as well as for the collection of non-wood forest products such as mushrooms, medical plants, etc. In the last years, the country also implemented a major improvement in a decentralization process. About 40% of the forests in Albania are now the property of local government to be managed and to produce profit. GeNeTIc reserves oF euroPeaN beech IN aLbaNIa Two main methods for conservation of genetic resources are used: in situ conservation (conservation in natural stands) and ex situ conservation. In situ conservation is realized through Nature strict reserves, National forest parks and Nature biomonuments, Nature integrated reserve (NRI); while with the second method (ex situ), it is achieved through the establishment of gene banks, fields collections, or seedbed gardens. Apart from the above 1
Page 1 and 2: Sonderheft 350 Special Issue COST A
Page 3 and 4: Landbauforschung vTI Agriculture an
Page 5: COST Action E52 Genetic resources o
Page 8 and 9: Ernő Führer - Csaba Mátyás - Gy
Page 10 and 11: Genetic resources of beech in Europ
Page 13 and 14: The sTaTus oF euroPeaN beech (Fagus
Page 15 and 16: • Beech (Fagus), 19 ,093 ha; with
Page 17: Fig. 3: Mixed forest of European be
Page 21 and 22: Tab. 2: E. beech Nature Reserve Int
Page 23 and 24: Tab. 4: Percentage of defoliation a
Page 25 and 26: “Qaf Shtame” national park, in
Page 27 and 28: Qiriazi P., Sala S., 2006. Nature M
Page 29 and 30: Armenia is characterized by a mount
Page 31 and 32: Fig. 3: Leaves of oriental beech (h
Page 33 and 34: The Georgian oak forests prefer the
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 5: Map of oriental beech distr
Page 37 and 38: PesTs, dIseases aNd abIoTIc ImPacTs
Page 39 and 40: Khanjyan N. 2004. Specially protect
Page 41 and 42: was reported by Polaczek (1954) who
Page 43 and 44: Fig. 2: Selected target trees in a
Page 45 and 46: Tab. 2: Compilation of different as
Page 47 and 48: Schadauer K., Büchsenmeister R., S
Page 49 and 50: Fig. 1: Provenances regions in Belg
Page 51 and 52: Fig. 3: Regenerated stand by clumps
Page 53 and 54: eFereNces 1 http://environnement.wa
Page 55 and 56: Fig. 1: Distribution of European be
Page 57 and 58: activities already during medieval
Page 59 and 60: established aimed at seed productio
Page 61 and 62: Fig. 4: Sub-Mediterranean type of d
Page 63 and 64: CURRENT STATE OF EUROPEAN BEECH (FA
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 2: Map of natural range of Fag
Page 67 and 68: The health status of beech forests
Page 69 and 70:
Under the auspices of the Internati
Page 71 and 72:
Velinova K., Naydenova T., Dakov A.
Page 73 and 74:
the Adriatic coast, while in the co
Page 75 and 76:
Fig. 1: Provenace regions and seed
Page 77 and 78:
Fig. 2: International beech provena
Page 79 and 80:
Official Gazette NN 140/05, 2005: Z
Page 81 and 82:
European beech is distributed almos
Page 83 and 84:
According to the Report about fores
Page 85 and 86:
The most important ex situ conserva
Page 87 and 88:
eFereNces Čermák K., Hofman J., K
Page 89 and 90:
Zpráva o stavu lesa a lesního hos
Page 91 and 92:
ForesT maNaGemeNT European beech in
Page 93 and 94:
euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
Page 95 and 96:
GeNeTIc resources maNaGemeNT IN Fra
Page 97 and 98:
Fig. 2: Beech provenance region lim
Page 99 and 100:
eFereNces Anonymous 2008. Cours des
Page 101 and 102:
of Georgia up to 00 - 800 m a.s.l.
Page 103 and 104:
5,0% 5,0% 6,9% 6,9% 0,6% 0 0,6% 4,7
Page 105 and 106:
Georgia 52 associations (forest typ
Page 107 and 108:
- Matured and over-aged groups acco
Page 109 and 110:
Fig. 5. Scheme of structure at heig
Page 111 and 112:
curreNT GeNeTIc coNservaTIoN acTIvI
Page 113 and 114:
• Elaborating and implementation
Page 115 and 116:
curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN beech (Fa
Page 117 and 118:
other forest species or grassland.
Page 119 and 120:
Fig. 1: The 26 regions of provenanc
Page 121 and 122:
the earnings for the forest owner f
Page 123 and 124:
Küster H. 1998. Geschichte des Wal
Page 125 and 126:
have had human assistance in this c
Page 127 and 128:
elow 300 m a. s. l. The species has
Page 129 and 130:
Tab. 2: Age class distribution of t
Page 131 and 132:
with the intention that stands woul
Page 133 and 134:
Tab. 3: European-level beech woodla
Page 135 and 136:
Sourcing of forest reproductive mat
Page 137 and 138:
Recently the four British Regions o
Page 139 and 140:
defoliation, and in severe cases, s
Page 141 and 142:
Herbert R., Samuel S., Patterson G.
Page 143 and 144:
curreNT sTaTus oF GeNeTIc resources
Page 145 and 146:
Fagetalia (Fagetum) Abietion cephal
Page 147 and 148:
Regions of provenances: The whole c
Page 149 and 150:
sILvIcuLTure, reGeNeraTIoN, ForesT
Page 151 and 152:
decidua), oaks (Quercus spp.) or no
Page 153 and 154:
Spanos K. A., Trakolis D., Spanos I
Page 155 and 156:
elevation where beech occurs is ext
Page 157 and 158:
Fig. 2: Climatic envelope of beech
Page 159 and 160:
eGIsTered sources oF reProducTIve m
Page 161 and 162:
maIN beech dIseases aNd PesTs Europ
Page 163 and 164:
In the field of forest genetic rese
Page 165 and 166:
Mátyás V. 1969. Influence des con
Page 167 and 168:
A recent inventory of all forest la
Page 169 and 170:
Photo 1: Stand of beech in Kilbora
Page 171 and 172:
In 1995 and again in 1998 Ireland p
Page 173 and 174:
GeNeTIc resources oF beech IN ITaLy
Page 175 and 176:
Provenance studies revealed differe
Page 177 and 178:
GeNeTIc resources aNd reProducTIve
Page 179 and 180:
A very peculiarly feature of this b
Page 181 and 182:
absTracT curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN
Page 183 and 184:
Natural distribution of Fagus sylva
Page 185 and 186:
de Vries S. M. G. 1998a. Activities
Page 187 and 188:
Fig. 1: Natural distribution of Eur
Page 189 and 190:
a long enough period for regenerati
Page 191 and 192:
Gömöry D., Paule L., Schvadchak M
Page 193 and 194:
GeNeTIc resources oF beech (Fagus s
Page 195 and 196:
Fig. 2: The protected area of “Ca
Page 197 and 198:
Monotropa hypopitis. Most of these
Page 199 and 200:
coNservaTIoN aNd raTIoNaL uTILIZaTI
Page 201 and 202:
eFereNces Andreev V. N. 195 . Derev
Page 203 and 204:
curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN beech (Fa
Page 205 and 206:
Dumitreşti, Dobra, Voineşti, Bâr
Page 207 and 208:
centre of Poland. The highest value
Page 209 and 210:
Chira D., Dănescu F., Geambaşu N.
Page 211 and 212:
*** 2008. Legea nr. 46/2008: Codul
Page 213 and 214:
and/or Eastern beech. For most char
Page 215 and 216:
dIsTrIbuTIoN, ForesT commuNITIes aN
Page 217 and 218:
(Willd. ex Fr.) Karst., Fomitopsis
Page 219 and 220:
eFereNces Becker M. 1981. Taxonomie
Page 221 and 222:
Society of Geneticists of Serbia an
Page 223 and 224:
Because of its high share in the tr
Page 225 and 226:
purposes is allowed to be procured
Page 227 and 228:
absTracT curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN
Page 229 and 230:
the Sub-Mediterranean and in the hi
Page 231 and 232:
euroPeaN beech GeNe PooL PreservaTI
Page 233 and 234:
eech domINaTed ForesT soIL ecosysTe
Page 235 and 236:
Culiberg M. 1994. Dezertifikacija i
Page 237 and 238:
Šercelj A. 1996. Začetki in razvo
Page 239 and 240:
1 2 Region of provenance Altitude (
Page 241 and 242:
sILvIcuLTure aNd ForesT maNaGemeNT
Page 243 and 244:
Ibáñez J. I. 1989. El haya (Fagus
Page 245 and 246:
GeNeraL INFormaTIoN abouT beech IN
Page 247 and 248:
Cheaper and better ways to regenera
Page 249 and 250:
climate on forests and implications
Page 251 and 252:
ecoLoGy aNd dIsTrIbuTIoN oF beech I
Page 253 and 254:
Fig. 2: Map of the Swiss provenance
Page 255 and 256:
eech uNder chaNGING eNvIroNmeNTaL F
Page 257 and 258:
e52/wuehlisch.pdf Zimmermann N. E.,
Page 259 and 260:
egions reach down to the Murat Moun
Page 261 and 262:
characTerIsTIcs aNd ForesT maNaGeme
Page 263 and 264:
Wide distribution of oriental beech
Page 265 and 266:
zones and marginal populations and
Page 267 and 268:
euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
Page 269 and 270:
On the eastern limit, beech occurs
Page 271 and 272:
of felling area only, whereas the r
Page 273 and 274:
sylvatica L. на північно-
Page 275 and 276:
Reviewers Directory Prof. alexander
Page 277:
dr. eduardo Notivol C.I.T.A. - Gove
Page 280:
334 Hans-Dieter Haenel (Hrsg.) (201
show all

COST Action E 52 - vTI - Bund.de

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?