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Sabor J., Barzdajn W., Blonkowski S., Chałupka W., Fonder W., Giertych M., Korczyk A., Matras J., Potyralski A., Szeląg Z., Zajączkowski S. 2004. Program testowania potomstwa wyłączonych drzewostanów nasiennych, drzew doborowych, plantacji nasiennych i plantacyjnych upraw nasiennych. [Program for testing of forest basic material of selected seeds stands, plus trees, seed orchards and seedling seed orchards.] Warszawa, Dyrekcja Generalna Lasów Państwowych: 18-20. Sławiński W. 194 . Granice zasięgu buka na wschodzie Europy. [Beech range distribution in East Europe.] Annales UMSC, Section E, 2: 5 -68. Sułkowska M. 2002. Analiza izoenzymatyczna wybranych proweniencji buka zwyczajnego (Fagus sylvatica L.) na powierzchni doświadczalnej w Bystrzycy Kłodzkiej. Isoenzyme analysis chosen provenances of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) on the provenance trial in Bystrzyca Kłodzka.] Sylwan, 146/2: 129-13 . Sułkowska M., Kowalczyk J., Przybylski P. 2008. Zmienność genetyczna i ekotypowa buka zwyczajnego (Fagus sylvatica L.) w Polsce. [Genetic and ecotype diversity of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Poland.] Leśne Prace Badawcze, 69/2: 133-142. Suszka B. 1990. Generative propagation. [Generative propagation.] In: Białobok S. (ed.): Buk zwyczajny Fagus sylvatica. [European beech Fagus sylvatica.] Warszawa – Poznań, PWN: 3 5- 498 Szafer W. 1935. The significance of isopollen lines for the investigation of the geographical distribution of trees in the Post-glacial period. Bulletine l‘ Academie Polonaise Sciences et Letters. B: 235-239. Szafer W., Pawłowski W. 19 2. Szata roślinna Polski. [The look–discription of vegetation.] Warszawa, PWN. Środon A. 1990. Beech in the forest history of Poland. [Beech in the forest history of Poland.] In: Białobok S. (ed.): Buk zwyczajny Fagus sylvatica. [European Beech Fagus sylvatica.] Warszawa – Poznan, PWN: -25. Tarasiuk S. 1999. Buk zwyczajny (Fagus sylvatica L.) na obrzeżach zasięgu w Polsce. Warunki wzrostu i problemy hodowlane. [European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in its marginal sites in Poland. Growth conditions and silvicultural problems.] Warszawa, Fundacja „Rozwój SGGW”. Tomanek J.: 19 0. Botanika leśna. [Forest Botanics.] PWRiL: 260-264. Zarzycki K., Trzcińska-Tacik H., Różański W., Szeląg Z., Wołek J. 2002. Ekologiczne liczby wskaźnikowe roślin naczyniowych Polski. [Ecological indicator values of vascular plants of Poland.] Kraków, Instytut Botaniki im. Wł. Szafera. PAN. Reviewed contacts: Dr. Małgorzata Sułkowska Forest Research Institute, Department of Genetics and Physiology of Woody Plants, Sękocin Stary, 3, Braci Leśnej St., 05-090 Raszyn, Poland e-mail: sulkowsM@ibles.waw.pl 190
GeNeTIc resources oF beech (Fagus sylvatica) IN The rePubLIc oF moLdova GHEORGHE POSTOLACHE – DRAGOS POSTOLACHE Botanical Garden (Institute), Academy of Sciences, Department of Geobotany and Forestry, Padurii 18, MD-2002 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova absTracT This paper presents data about the natural distribution, establishment of natural distribution maps, diversity analysis, forest regeneration applications, inventory of genetic resources, in situ conservation and rational use of forest genetic resources of beech (Fagus sylvatica) in the Republic of Moldova. Key words: European beech (Fagus sylvatica), fag (in Moldavian), beech diversity, plant associations, natural species composition, natural distribution, maps of natural distribution, inventories of genetic resources, in situ conservation GeNeraL characTerIsTIcs Forests are the most inestimable, renewable natural resources and all forests belong to the first functional group, which means that the function of these forests is a protective one, according to Art. 14 of the Forest Code. The National Forest Fund of the Republic of Moldova covers 400,900 ha (11.0% of the country territory) including 362, 00 ha covered by forests (10. %) (Galupa et al. 2006). State forests are subject to forest management plans that provide the description of the state of forest biodiversity parameters: typological diversity of forests, species composition of forest sub-compartments, state of grassy cover, regeneration, etc. Deciduous species cover 9 .8% and conifers 2.2%. The natural forests in Moldova consist of broadleaved formations of the Central European type. The main species components of the forest are pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), sessile oak (Q. petraea), pubescent oak (Q. pubescens) and beech (Fagus sylvatica). Their distribution depends on the altitudinal levels, on the exposure level and the degree of slope inclination, on the soil and other conditions. These and other factors determined the formation of different types of forests and associations (Postolache 1995). NaTuraL dIsTrIbuTIoN Beech is found in the northwestern part of the Codrii Reserve from the central part of Moldova and considered at the eastern border of the natural range in Europe (Borza 193 , Soceava, Lipatova 1952, Gheideman 1969, Tishkevici 1984, Postolache 1995). From the climatic, pedologic and geomorphologic point of view this part of Moldova is different from the rest of the country. Many 191
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Sonderheft 350 Special Issue COST A
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Landbauforschung vTI Agriculture an
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COST Action E52 Genetic resources o
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Ernő Führer - Csaba Mátyás - Gy
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Genetic resources of beech in Europ
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The sTaTus oF euroPeaN beech (Fagus
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• Beech (Fagus), 19 ,093 ha; with
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Fig. 3: Mixed forest of European be
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TreaTmeNT oF beech In forest with a
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Tab. 2: E. beech Nature Reserve Int
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Tab. 4: Percentage of defoliation a
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“Qaf Shtame” national park, in
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Qiriazi P., Sala S., 2006. Nature M
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Armenia is characterized by a mount
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Fig. 3: Leaves of oriental beech (h
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The Georgian oak forests prefer the
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Fig. 5: Map of oriental beech distr
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PesTs, dIseases aNd abIoTIc ImPacTs
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Khanjyan N. 2004. Specially protect
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was reported by Polaczek (1954) who
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Fig. 2: Selected target trees in a
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Tab. 2: Compilation of different as
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Schadauer K., Büchsenmeister R., S
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Fig. 1: Provenances regions in Belg
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Fig. 3: Regenerated stand by clumps
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eFereNces 1 http://environnement.wa
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Fig. 1: Distribution of European be
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activities already during medieval
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established aimed at seed productio
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Fig. 4: Sub-Mediterranean type of d
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CURRENT STATE OF EUROPEAN BEECH (FA
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Fig. 2: Map of natural range of Fag
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The health status of beech forests
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Under the auspices of the Internati
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Velinova K., Naydenova T., Dakov A.
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the Adriatic coast, while in the co
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Fig. 1: Provenace regions and seed
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Fig. 2: International beech provena
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Official Gazette NN 140/05, 2005: Z
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European beech is distributed almos
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According to the Report about fores
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The most important ex situ conserva
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eFereNces Čermák K., Hofman J., K
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Zpráva o stavu lesa a lesního hos
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ForesT maNaGemeNT European beech in
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euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
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GeNeTIc resources maNaGemeNT IN Fra
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Fig. 2: Beech provenance region lim
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eFereNces Anonymous 2008. Cours des
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of Georgia up to 00 - 800 m a.s.l.
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5,0% 5,0% 6,9% 6,9% 0,6% 0 0,6% 4,7
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Georgia 52 associations (forest typ
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- Matured and over-aged groups acco
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Fig. 5. Scheme of structure at heig
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curreNT GeNeTIc coNservaTIoN acTIvI
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• Elaborating and implementation
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curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN beech (Fa
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other forest species or grassland.
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Fig. 1: The 26 regions of provenanc
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the earnings for the forest owner f
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Küster H. 1998. Geschichte des Wal
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have had human assistance in this c
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elow 300 m a. s. l. The species has
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Tab. 2: Age class distribution of t
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with the intention that stands woul
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Tab. 3: European-level beech woodla
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Sourcing of forest reproductive mat
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Recently the four British Regions o
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defoliation, and in severe cases, s
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Page 151 and 152: decidua), oaks (Quercus spp.) or no
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Page 157 and 158: Fig. 2: Climatic envelope of beech
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Page 165 and 166: Mátyás V. 1969. Influence des con
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Page 169 and 170: Photo 1: Stand of beech in Kilbora
Page 171 and 172: In 1995 and again in 1998 Ireland p
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Page 179 and 180: A very peculiarly feature of this b
Page 181 and 182: absTracT curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN
Page 183 and 184: Natural distribution of Fagus sylva
Page 185 and 186: de Vries S. M. G. 1998a. Activities
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Page 201 and 202: eFereNces Andreev V. N. 195 . Derev
Page 203 and 204: curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN beech (Fa
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Page 207 and 208: centre of Poland. The highest value
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Page 213 and 214: and/or Eastern beech. For most char
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Page 217 and 218: (Willd. ex Fr.) Karst., Fomitopsis
Page 219 and 220: eFereNces Becker M. 1981. Taxonomie
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Page 235 and 236: Culiberg M. 1994. Dezertifikacija i
Page 237 and 238: Šercelj A. 1996. Začetki in razvo
Page 239 and 240: 1 2 Region of provenance Altitude (
Page 241 and 242: sILvIcuLTure aNd ForesT maNaGemeNT
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Ibáñez J. I. 1989. El haya (Fagus
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GeNeraL INFormaTIoN abouT beech IN
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Cheaper and better ways to regenera
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climate on forests and implications
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ecoLoGy aNd dIsTrIbuTIoN oF beech I
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Fig. 2: Map of the Swiss provenance
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eech uNder chaNGING eNvIroNmeNTaL F
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e52/wuehlisch.pdf Zimmermann N. E.,
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egions reach down to the Murat Moun
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characTerIsTIcs aNd ForesT maNaGeme
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Wide distribution of oriental beech
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zones and marginal populations and
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euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
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On the eastern limit, beech occurs
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of felling area only, whereas the r
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sylvatica L. на північно-
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Reviewers Directory Prof. alexander
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dr. eduardo Notivol C.I.T.A. - Gove
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334 Hans-Dieter Haenel (Hrsg.) (201
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