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GeNe coNservaTIoN oF euroPeaN beech IN FraNce<br />
At the end of the 1980s several threats to beech genetic resources were i<strong>de</strong>ntified:<br />
– Generalization of exchanges of forest reproductive material and plantation for regeneration<br />
– Impact of silviculture<br />
– Several episo<strong>de</strong>s of <strong>de</strong>cay<br />
– Climatic changes<br />
Facing these threats, a programme of gene conservation was launched in 1986. This in situ network<br />
was the first with the fir (Abies alba). It inclu<strong>de</strong>s 26 genetic conservation units (GCU) (Fig. 3). These<br />
GCU are representatives of the differences of the main provenances regions and marginal conditions.<br />
The GCU cover a surface of 4,446. ha (Tab. 5). Six populations are consi<strong>de</strong>red as marginal because<br />
five are in the Mediterranean region and one on extreme condition for altitu<strong>de</strong> and soil. One GCU,<br />
NF of Verzy, has a peculiar phenotype because the trees are crooked. It is dwarf beech (Fagus sylvatica<br />
var. tortuosa).<br />
Tab. 5: List of the 29 GCU in France with their location and particularities<br />
Forest Region Core zone Buffer<br />
zone<br />
Remarks<br />
Aigoual Languedoc-Roussillon 13.8 110 marginal population<br />
Aubusson Auvergne 10 102<br />
Baïgorry Aquitaine 7.5 146.4<br />
Beaulieu Champagne-Ar<strong>de</strong>nnes 8.7 112.3<br />
Boucheville Languedoc-Roussillon 19.9 187.7<br />
Brotonne Normandy 25.8 140.2<br />
Châtillon Burgundy 10.4 154.7<br />
Chizé Poitou-Charentes 12.6 183.9<br />
Colettes Auvergne 8.7 96.9<br />
Coscione Corse 40 34 marginal population<br />
Ecouves Normandy 13.6 143.4<br />
Filsis Alsace 10 230.5<br />
Fougères Brittany 10.3 151.5<br />
Gar Cagire Midi-Pyrénées 10 151.5<br />
Gérardmer Lorraine 15.2 82.7 marginal population<br />
Haye Lorraine 16.2 218.7<br />
Issaux Aquitaine 11.6 95.0<br />
Léoncel Rhône-Alpes 10.1 118<br />
Luchon Midi-Pyrénées 4 48.6<br />
Lure Provences-Alpes-Côte d‘Azur 5 255.4 marginal population<br />
Luxueil Franche Conté 8.1 226.9<br />
Montagne Noire Midi-Pyrénées 8.5 169.7<br />
Moussaou Midi-Pyrénées 34.2 181.1<br />
Retz Picardy 7 180.5<br />
Sainte Baume Provences-Alpes-Côte d‘Azur 14.1 124.2 marginal population<br />
Valbonne Languedoc-Roussillon 23.3 118.9 marginal population<br />
Verrières du Grosbois Franche-Comté 5 175<br />
Verzy Champagne-Ar<strong>de</strong>nnes 33.3 0 dwarf beech<br />
Wingen Alsace 11.5 92.6<br />
408.4 4,032.3<br />
94
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