COST Action E 52 - vTI - Bund.de

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hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea) indicating higher temperatures and less favourable humidity conditions (Tab. 1). Regarding specific site conditions, beech is a dominant tree species on humid-acidophilous sites (Deschampsio flexuosae-Fagetum). It is also present as admixed species beside common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and large-leaved linden (Tilia platyphyllos) on the comparatively dry sites of calcareous ravine slopes of the Transdanubian Middle Mts. (Mercuriali-Tilietum). A relict-type occurrence with yew (Taxus baccata) in the Bakony Mts. has been described as Taxo-Fagetum (Majer 1980). ecoLoGIcaL characTerIsTIcs Due to its climate sensitivity, beech is used in forestry practice as an indicator species for the beech forest belt, providing the most favourable growing conditions in the country. The climatic envelope of beech can be well characterized using summer mean temperature and precipitation of the growing season (Rasztovits, Berki, Móricz 2009). According to Mátyás et Czimber (2000), typical associations are also differentiated by climatic conditions (Tab. 1). Tab. 1: Climatic parameters of zonal beech associations* (MÁTYÁS, CZIMBER 2000) Forest association type (after MAJER /1968/) 154 Percentage of total beech distribution (%) Mean annual precipitation (mm) Mean July temperature (°C) Mean altitude (m a. s. l.) Aconito-Fagetum 7.4 706 17.4 598 Melitti-Fagetum 61.9 745 18.7 436 Vicio orob.-Fagetum 30.7 773 20.2 209 * based on the reconstructed vegetation map of ZÓLYOMI (1967) A considerable part of beech stands are situated close to the xeric limits, i. e. at the drought-related (trailing, or retreating) end of their distribution range (Mátyás, Nagi, Ujvári-Jármay 2008). The probability of climatic-zonal presence of beech can be described reliably by climatic indices such as Ellenberg’s quotient (Czúcz, Gálhidy, Mátyás 2009). Due to its ecological vulnerability, further indices have been developed in Hungary, using more detailed weighing of precipitation and thermal data, such as the “forest aridity index” FAI (Führer, Járó 2000, Führer 2010), and the “beech index” (Rasztovits, Berki, Móricz 2009). GeNeTIc characTerIZaTIoN oF huNGarIaN beech ForesTs Presence of beech in the Carpathian Basin is documented for over 6,000 years and some researchers propose the existence of much older local refugia (Magri 2008). The Balkan origin of local beech is therefore still questionable and has not been decided by cpDNA studies either. Isozyme studies show a clear differentiation of beech populations of low elevations in Hungary and in Eastern Austria from more Western, less diverse populations. At some loci a significant East-West allelic frequency gradient was observed, proposing a westward migration route (Comps et al. 1998). Recent studies of
Fig. 2: Climatic envelope of beech in Hungary using climate data of the period 1975 – 2004 (design: RASZTOVITS 2009) Fig. 3: Percentage of flushed plants per population in the Bucsuta beech provenance test on the 95th calendar (Julian) day in the second year after outplanting. Atlantic coast sources are late, Alpine and SE- European continental sources are early (Test location marked by triangle. Shaded: natural distribution area) (MÁTYÁS 2002) 155
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Sonderheft 350 Special Issue COST A
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Landbauforschung vTI Agriculture an
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COST Action E52 Genetic resources o
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Ernő Führer - Csaba Mátyás - Gy
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Genetic resources of beech in Europ
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The sTaTus oF euroPeaN beech (Fagus
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• Beech (Fagus), 19 ,093 ha; with
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Fig. 3: Mixed forest of European be
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TreaTmeNT oF beech In forest with a
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Tab. 2: E. beech Nature Reserve Int
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Tab. 4: Percentage of defoliation a
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“Qaf Shtame” national park, in
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Qiriazi P., Sala S., 2006. Nature M
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Armenia is characterized by a mount
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Fig. 3: Leaves of oriental beech (h
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The Georgian oak forests prefer the
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Fig. 5: Map of oriental beech distr
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PesTs, dIseases aNd abIoTIc ImPacTs
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Khanjyan N. 2004. Specially protect
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was reported by Polaczek (1954) who
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Fig. 2: Selected target trees in a
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Tab. 2: Compilation of different as
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Schadauer K., Büchsenmeister R., S
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Fig. 1: Provenances regions in Belg
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Fig. 3: Regenerated stand by clumps
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eFereNces 1 http://environnement.wa
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Fig. 1: Distribution of European be
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activities already during medieval
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established aimed at seed productio
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Fig. 4: Sub-Mediterranean type of d
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CURRENT STATE OF EUROPEAN BEECH (FA
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Fig. 2: Map of natural range of Fag
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The health status of beech forests
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Under the auspices of the Internati
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Velinova K., Naydenova T., Dakov A.
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the Adriatic coast, while in the co
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Fig. 1: Provenace regions and seed
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Fig. 2: International beech provena
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Official Gazette NN 140/05, 2005: Z
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European beech is distributed almos
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According to the Report about fores
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The most important ex situ conserva
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eFereNces Čermák K., Hofman J., K
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Zpráva o stavu lesa a lesního hos
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ForesT maNaGemeNT European beech in
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euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
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GeNeTIc resources maNaGemeNT IN Fra
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Fig. 2: Beech provenance region lim
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eFereNces Anonymous 2008. Cours des
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of Georgia up to 00 - 800 m a.s.l.
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5,0% 5,0% 6,9% 6,9% 0,6% 0 0,6% 4,7
Page 105 and 106: Georgia 52 associations (forest typ
Page 107 and 108: - Matured and over-aged groups acco
Page 109 and 110: Fig. 5. Scheme of structure at heig
Page 111 and 112: curreNT GeNeTIc coNservaTIoN acTIvI
Page 113 and 114: • Elaborating and implementation
Page 115 and 116: curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN beech (Fa
Page 117 and 118: other forest species or grassland.
Page 119 and 120: Fig. 1: The 26 regions of provenanc
Page 121 and 122: the earnings for the forest owner f
Page 123 and 124: Küster H. 1998. Geschichte des Wal
Page 125 and 126: have had human assistance in this c
Page 127 and 128: elow 300 m a. s. l. The species has
Page 129 and 130: Tab. 2: Age class distribution of t
Page 131 and 132: with the intention that stands woul
Page 133 and 134: Tab. 3: European-level beech woodla
Page 135 and 136: Sourcing of forest reproductive mat
Page 137 and 138: Recently the four British Regions o
Page 139 and 140: defoliation, and in severe cases, s
Page 141 and 142: Herbert R., Samuel S., Patterson G.
Page 143 and 144: curreNT sTaTus oF GeNeTIc resources
Page 145 and 146: Fagetalia (Fagetum) Abietion cephal
Page 147 and 148: Regions of provenances: The whole c
Page 149 and 150: sILvIcuLTure, reGeNeraTIoN, ForesT
Page 151 and 152: decidua), oaks (Quercus spp.) or no
Page 153 and 154: Spanos K. A., Trakolis D., Spanos I
Page 155: elevation where beech occurs is ext
Page 159 and 160: eGIsTered sources oF reProducTIve m
Page 161 and 162: maIN beech dIseases aNd PesTs Europ
Page 163 and 164: In the field of forest genetic rese
Page 165 and 166: Mátyás V. 1969. Influence des con
Page 167 and 168: A recent inventory of all forest la
Page 169 and 170: Photo 1: Stand of beech in Kilbora
Page 171 and 172: In 1995 and again in 1998 Ireland p
Page 173 and 174: GeNeTIc resources oF beech IN ITaLy
Page 175 and 176: Provenance studies revealed differe
Page 177 and 178: GeNeTIc resources aNd reProducTIve
Page 179 and 180: A very peculiarly feature of this b
Page 181 and 182: absTracT curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN
Page 183 and 184: Natural distribution of Fagus sylva
Page 185 and 186: de Vries S. M. G. 1998a. Activities
Page 187 and 188: Fig. 1: Natural distribution of Eur
Page 189 and 190: a long enough period for regenerati
Page 191 and 192: Gömöry D., Paule L., Schvadchak M
Page 193 and 194: GeNeTIc resources oF beech (Fagus s
Page 195 and 196: Fig. 2: The protected area of “Ca
Page 197 and 198: Monotropa hypopitis. Most of these
Page 199 and 200: coNservaTIoN aNd raTIoNaL uTILIZaTI
Page 201 and 202: eFereNces Andreev V. N. 195 . Derev
Page 203 and 204: curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN beech (Fa
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centre of Poland. The highest value
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Chira D., Dănescu F., Geambaşu N.
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*** 2008. Legea nr. 46/2008: Codul
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and/or Eastern beech. For most char
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dIsTrIbuTIoN, ForesT commuNITIes aN
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(Willd. ex Fr.) Karst., Fomitopsis
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eFereNces Becker M. 1981. Taxonomie
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Society of Geneticists of Serbia an
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Because of its high share in the tr
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purposes is allowed to be procured
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absTracT curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN
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the Sub-Mediterranean and in the hi
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euroPeaN beech GeNe PooL PreservaTI
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eech domINaTed ForesT soIL ecosysTe
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Culiberg M. 1994. Dezertifikacija i
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Šercelj A. 1996. Začetki in razvo
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1 2 Region of provenance Altitude (
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sILvIcuLTure aNd ForesT maNaGemeNT
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Ibáñez J. I. 1989. El haya (Fagus
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GeNeraL INFormaTIoN abouT beech IN
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Cheaper and better ways to regenera
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climate on forests and implications
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ecoLoGy aNd dIsTrIbuTIoN oF beech I
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Fig. 2: Map of the Swiss provenance
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eech uNder chaNGING eNvIroNmeNTaL F
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e52/wuehlisch.pdf Zimmermann N. E.,
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egions reach down to the Murat Moun
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characTerIsTIcs aNd ForesT maNaGeme
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Wide distribution of oriental beech
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zones and marginal populations and
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euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
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On the eastern limit, beech occurs
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of felling area only, whereas the r
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sylvatica L. на північно-
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Reviewers Directory Prof. alexander
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dr. eduardo Notivol C.I.T.A. - Gove
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334 Hans-Dieter Haenel (Hrsg.) (201
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