COST Action E 52 - vTI - Bund.de

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Fig. 2: Rajhenavski Rog forest reserve in Kočevje Region is overgrown by Dinaric fir-beech forest (Photo: L. Kutnar) Fig. 3: Natural regeneration of mountain beech forest on the Gorjanci Mountain near Novo Mesto Region after application of selective thinning treatment (Photo: L. Kutnar) 230
eech domINaTed ForesT soIL ecosysTem research Beech dominated forests are important regarding biodiversity both above- and below-ground. The Slovenian Forestry Institute research team in cooperation with several national and international institutions studied the below-ground aspect of beech dominated forests recently, starting from the basic analyses of fine root growth and their importance for soil structure and carbon dynamics (Kraigher et al. 200 , Železnik et al. 200 , 2009, Grebenc, Štupar, Kraigher 200 ) to the applied studies of rhizosphere symbionts diversity. The influence of ozone (Grebenc, Kraigher 200 a, b) and small canopy gap (Grebenc 2005, Grebenc et al. 2009) were proven to influence the below-ground components. Several biodiversity analyses were performed in various groups of beech forests soil organisms including ectomycorrhizal fungi (Grebenc 2005, Grebenc et al. 2009), litter decomposing fungi (Bajc et al., in prep.), eubacteria (Grebenc, Bajc, Kraigher 2009, Kraigher et al., in prep.) and pedofauna (Grebenc, Bajc, Kraigher 2009, Grgič et al., in prep.) all indicating a high biodiversity under moderate anthropogenic influence, pronounced differences among sites and within repetitions at sites, and also a general shortage of knowledge on below-ground components in temperate beech forests. Studies represented parts of national and international (EU) projects covering different forest management systems applied in the country, from virgin forests, managed forests, to remediation sites and the international beech provenance trial. FuTure PersPecTIves oF beech ForesTs Predicted climate changes could cause significant changes in the beech forest distribution. The change of forest vegetation pattern, driven by expected climate changes, has been studied recently (Kutnar, Kobler 200 , Kutnar et al. 2009). Based on the three different climate scenarios, the trend scenario, the hot-and-dry scenario, and the wet-and-less-hot scenario, the simulations showed that the spatial pattern of forest vegetation types would be altered significantly under impacts of predicted changes. In the following decades the vegetation type of major part of forest sites might change. Due to the predicted climate warming, the share of thermophilous forests might increase from the present 14% to range between 21% (wet-less-hot scenario) and 1% (hot-dry scenario). The share of thermophilous forests, which are economically less interesting and more fire-prone, will increase significantly by replacing mesic beech forests. From ecological-, nature-conservation- and forest-management points of view, the predicted decrease of the share of Dinaric fir-beech forest (omphalodo-Fagetum) is especially important (Kutnar, Kobler 200 , Kutnar et al. 2009). Taking into account the most pessimistic hot-dry scenario, and assuming the actual ecological niche of this forest would not change in the future, this forest type might disappear completely from the territory of Slovenia by the end of the 21st century. acknowledgements We are grateful to Dragan Matijašić, M.Sc., Head of the Department for Forest Management Planning of the Slovenia Forest Service (Ljubljana, Slovenia) for his cooperation, critical review and valuable comments. The work was supported financially by the Slovenian Research Agency and the Ministry for Agriculture, Forest and Food of the Republic of Slovenia in the frame of applied research project CRP-V4-0492 and COST Action E52. Conservation of forest genetic resources in Slovenia and tasks related to forest reproductive material and approval of basic material is part of public forest service 231
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Sonderheft 350 Special Issue COST A
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Landbauforschung vTI Agriculture an
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COST Action E52 Genetic resources o
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Ernő Führer - Csaba Mátyás - Gy
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Genetic resources of beech in Europ
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The sTaTus oF euroPeaN beech (Fagus
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• Beech (Fagus), 19 ,093 ha; with
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Fig. 3: Mixed forest of European be
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TreaTmeNT oF beech In forest with a
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Tab. 2: E. beech Nature Reserve Int
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Tab. 4: Percentage of defoliation a
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“Qaf Shtame” national park, in
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Qiriazi P., Sala S., 2006. Nature M
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Armenia is characterized by a mount
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Fig. 3: Leaves of oriental beech (h
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The Georgian oak forests prefer the
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Fig. 5: Map of oriental beech distr
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PesTs, dIseases aNd abIoTIc ImPacTs
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Khanjyan N. 2004. Specially protect
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was reported by Polaczek (1954) who
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Fig. 2: Selected target trees in a
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Tab. 2: Compilation of different as
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Schadauer K., Büchsenmeister R., S
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Fig. 1: Provenances regions in Belg
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Fig. 3: Regenerated stand by clumps
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eFereNces 1 http://environnement.wa
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Fig. 1: Distribution of European be
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activities already during medieval
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established aimed at seed productio
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Fig. 4: Sub-Mediterranean type of d
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CURRENT STATE OF EUROPEAN BEECH (FA
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Fig. 2: Map of natural range of Fag
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The health status of beech forests
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Under the auspices of the Internati
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Velinova K., Naydenova T., Dakov A.
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the Adriatic coast, while in the co
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Fig. 1: Provenace regions and seed
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Fig. 2: International beech provena
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Official Gazette NN 140/05, 2005: Z
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European beech is distributed almos
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According to the Report about fores
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The most important ex situ conserva
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eFereNces Čermák K., Hofman J., K
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Zpráva o stavu lesa a lesního hos
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ForesT maNaGemeNT European beech in
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euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
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GeNeTIc resources maNaGemeNT IN Fra
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Fig. 2: Beech provenance region lim
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eFereNces Anonymous 2008. Cours des
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of Georgia up to 00 - 800 m a.s.l.
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5,0% 5,0% 6,9% 6,9% 0,6% 0 0,6% 4,7
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Georgia 52 associations (forest typ
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- Matured and over-aged groups acco
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Fig. 5. Scheme of structure at heig
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curreNT GeNeTIc coNservaTIoN acTIvI
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• Elaborating and implementation
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curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN beech (Fa
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other forest species or grassland.
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Fig. 1: The 26 regions of provenanc
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the earnings for the forest owner f
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Küster H. 1998. Geschichte des Wal
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have had human assistance in this c
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elow 300 m a. s. l. The species has
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Tab. 2: Age class distribution of t
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with the intention that stands woul
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Tab. 3: European-level beech woodla
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Sourcing of forest reproductive mat
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Recently the four British Regions o
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defoliation, and in severe cases, s
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Herbert R., Samuel S., Patterson G.
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curreNT sTaTus oF GeNeTIc resources
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Fagetalia (Fagetum) Abietion cephal
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Regions of provenances: The whole c
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sILvIcuLTure, reGeNeraTIoN, ForesT
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decidua), oaks (Quercus spp.) or no
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Spanos K. A., Trakolis D., Spanos I
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elevation where beech occurs is ext
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Fig. 2: Climatic envelope of beech
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eGIsTered sources oF reProducTIve m
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maIN beech dIseases aNd PesTs Europ
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In the field of forest genetic rese
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Mátyás V. 1969. Influence des con
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A recent inventory of all forest la
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Photo 1: Stand of beech in Kilbora
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In 1995 and again in 1998 Ireland p
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GeNeTIc resources oF beech IN ITaLy
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Provenance studies revealed differe
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GeNeTIc resources aNd reProducTIve
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A very peculiarly feature of this b
Page 181 and 182: absTracT curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN
Page 183 and 184: Natural distribution of Fagus sylva
Page 185 and 186: de Vries S. M. G. 1998a. Activities
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Page 191 and 192: Gömöry D., Paule L., Schvadchak M
Page 193 and 194: GeNeTIc resources oF beech (Fagus s
Page 195 and 196: Fig. 2: The protected area of “Ca
Page 197 and 198: Monotropa hypopitis. Most of these
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Page 201 and 202: eFereNces Andreev V. N. 195 . Derev
Page 203 and 204: curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN beech (Fa
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Page 207 and 208: centre of Poland. The highest value
Page 209 and 210: Chira D., Dănescu F., Geambaşu N.
Page 211 and 212: *** 2008. Legea nr. 46/2008: Codul
Page 213 and 214: and/or Eastern beech. For most char
Page 215 and 216: dIsTrIbuTIoN, ForesT commuNITIes aN
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Page 219 and 220: eFereNces Becker M. 1981. Taxonomie
Page 221 and 222: Society of Geneticists of Serbia an
Page 223 and 224: Because of its high share in the tr
Page 225 and 226: purposes is allowed to be procured
Page 227 and 228: absTracT curreNT sTaTe oF euroPeaN
Page 229 and 230: the Sub-Mediterranean and in the hi
Page 231: euroPeaN beech GeNe PooL PreservaTI
Page 235 and 236: Culiberg M. 1994. Dezertifikacija i
Page 237 and 238: Šercelj A. 1996. Začetki in razvo
Page 239 and 240: 1 2 Region of provenance Altitude (
Page 241 and 242: sILvIcuLTure aNd ForesT maNaGemeNT
Page 243 and 244: Ibáñez J. I. 1989. El haya (Fagus
Page 245 and 246: GeNeraL INFormaTIoN abouT beech IN
Page 247 and 248: Cheaper and better ways to regenera
Page 249 and 250: climate on forests and implications
Page 251 and 252: ecoLoGy aNd dIsTrIbuTIoN oF beech I
Page 253 and 254: Fig. 2: Map of the Swiss provenance
Page 255 and 256: eech uNder chaNGING eNvIroNmeNTaL F
Page 257 and 258: e52/wuehlisch.pdf Zimmermann N. E.,
Page 259 and 260: egions reach down to the Murat Moun
Page 261 and 262: characTerIsTIcs aNd ForesT maNaGeme
Page 263 and 264: Wide distribution of oriental beech
Page 265 and 266: zones and marginal populations and
Page 267 and 268: euroPeaN beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
Page 269 and 270: On the eastern limit, beech occurs
Page 271 and 272: of felling area only, whereas the r
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Page 275 and 276: Reviewers Directory Prof. alexander
Page 277: dr. eduardo Notivol C.I.T.A. - Gove
Page 280: 334 Hans-Dieter Haenel (Hrsg.) (201
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