Four Essays on University Economics - KOPS - Universität Konstanz

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Economic research in Switzerland Since an assessment of the quality of each single article is difficult and time-consuming, it has become common practice in the evaluation literature to use journal specific quality weights, i.e. the quality of an article is associated with the quality of the journal in which it is published. There are two ways of determining journal-specific quality weights. One possibility is to identify the quality of a journal with its impact factor based on citation incidence. However, such a weighting scheme results in perceived quality differences that are inappropriately large. 15 An alternative way of arriving at journal-specific quality weights is via a survey among experts. This method, of course, may also yield controversial results. Even though there are different methods of objectifying the opinions of experts (for example by taking “impact factors” into account) the weighting always remains subjective and vulnerable to critique. In the literature different weighting schemes have been proposed. For our benchmark- ranking, we use the original weighting scheme proposed by Combes and Linnemer (2003). 16 The CL weighting scheme reflects objective factors as well as expert opinions. All journals listed in EconLit are given a positive weight. The journal weights range between 1 12 and 1. Thus, it is assumed that 12 articles published in journals of the lowest category contain ceteris paribus the same research achievement as one article which is published in one of the leading journals. The CL scheme contains six categories with the weights 1 12 , 1 6 , 1 3 1 2 , 2 , 3 and 1. The lower the category, the more journals it contains. Only five journals receive a weight of 1 (AER, Econometrica, JPE, QJE, RES), but 138 journals a weight of 1 6 . All journals that are not explicitly listed in one of the first five categories that contain approximately 230 journals, fall into the last category and receive a weight of 1 12 . The research activity of the universities is recorded on an annual basis. In order to compensate for accidental fluctuations between two consecutive years, we however prefer to present moving two year averages. We chose this presentation because we want the ranking to reflect the normal productivity of a university and not random events such as publication lags and faculty turnover. 15 Kalaitzidakis et al. (2003) for example gave the Journal of International Economics, which is a leading journal in its field, a quality weight which is 13 times smaller than that of the American Economic Review; a paper in Kyklos is rated 110 times less valuable than a paper in the American Economic Review. 16 Our results are not very sensitive with respect to the weighting scheme. The rank correlation coefficients between our benchmark ranking and rankings based on seven other weighting schemes are, in general, quite high (see the German working paper version of this paper, http://twi.ch.uni-konstanz.de/ twi_research.php). 9
Economic research in Switzerland Figure 1.1: Total economic research output of the Swiss universities 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 90/91 91/92 92/93 93/94 94/95 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 VWL Finance Own calculation: sum of the research outputs of the six Swiss universities we consider (according to the weighting CL) 1.3 Baseline Results The development of overall economic research output of the Swiss universities subdivided into research in economics (VWL) and finance is depicted in Figure 1.1. The development of the research activity of the six largest universities as measured by equation (1) is displayed in Figure 1.2. Comparing the annual averages of 1990/1991 and 2003/2004 reveals that the research output of all six universities has increased in the observation period (in the case of the University of Geneva, though, only slightly). The patterns of research output of the six 99/00 individual institutions show, however, marked differences. The largest increases in research output have been achieved by the Universities of St. Gallen and Zurich. Particularly since the mid-90s, large growth rates can be reg- istered. Because of the continuous increase in research output, both universities were able to improve their position in the ranking. While they were ranked third and fourth at the beginning of the 90s, they are now the leading Swiss universities in terms of total economic research output. The University of Lausanne has also been able to improve its position in the ranking. 10 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04
Page 1 and 2: Four Essay
Page 3 and 4: Contents 3.1 Introduction . . . . .
Page 5 and 6: List of Figures 1.1 Total economic
Page 7 and 8: List of Tables 3.6 Summary: Signifi
Page 9 and 10: Summary average quality of research
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1 How Did Economic Research
Page 13 and 14: Economic research in Switzerland fo
Page 15: Economic research in Switzerland pu
Page 19 and 20: Economic research in Switzerland si
Page 21 and 22: 0,45 0,05 Economic research in Swit
Page 23 and 24: Economic research in Switzerland (2
Page 25 and 26: Wirtschaftspolitik 5 (3), 363 - 375
Page 27 and 28: 2.1 Introduction Research Productiv
Page 29 and 30: Research Productivity in Business E
Page 45 and 46: 2.7 Appendix Sample: university dat
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 3 How Can Scholarship Insti
Page 57 and 58: Return of foreign students scholars
Page 59 and 60: Connections in the Home Country Ret
Page 61 and 62: Return of foreign students tegrate
Page 63 and 64: to finance the first period of thei
Page 65 and 66: Return of foreign students Table 3.
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Return of foreign students return i
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children. Return of foreign student
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Return of foreign students A low pa
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Return of foreign students trading
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Return of foreign students Table 3.
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higher return rates might result. R
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3.7 Appendix Return of foreign stud
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Bibliography Return of foreign stud
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Return of foreign students Park, J.
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4.1 Einleitung Determinanten des be
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4.3.1 Mögliche Einflussfaktoren De
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Determinanten des beruflichen Erfol
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teraktionseffekt). Determinanten de
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Frauen gibt. Determinanten des beru
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4.5.2 Einfluss des Einkommens auf d
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nimmt ihre Zufriedenheit mit ihren
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Literaturverzeichnis Determinanten
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General Bibliography Arora, A., P.
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General Bibliography Combes, P.-P.
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General Bibliography Guimarães, P.
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General Bibliography Martin, P. L.
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General Bibliography Vieira, J. A.
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Zusammenfassung sitäten sind jedoc
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Zusammenfassung ligt, die ihr Studi
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Erklärung Ich versichere hiermit,
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