Four Essays on University Economics - KOPS - Universität Konstanz

Return of foreign students
Table 3.8: Descriptive statistics for the different programs
Whole Sample Program 1 Program 2 Program 3
mean std. dev. mean std. dev. mean std. dev. mean std. dev.
time since
the end of the study period 59.1897 44.9938 51.6534 41.6039 76.1020 47.2671 46.5874 39.4218
age
at end of study period 32.4027 7.5580 33.7312 6.4585 32.4640 4.5224 30.4615 9.2063
time spent in Germany
at end of study period 43.6617 42.1936 56.0886 37.9273 92.5216 46.3078 10.2835 8.4970
time constant covariates 2,436 individuals 1,276 individuals 278 individuals 882 individuals
trip home 0.2295 0.4206 0.3942 0.4889 0.1942 0.3963
agricultural sciences 0.0456 0.2086 0.0713 0.2575 0.0360 0.1866 0.0113 0.1059
technical sciences 0.0825 0.2752 0.0909 0.2876 0.1511 0.3588 0.0488 0.2155
medicine 0.1679 0.3739 0.1967 0.3977 0.1727 0.3786 0.1247 0.3306
EBP 0.0936 0.2913 0.1027 0.3036 0.1043 0.3062 0.0771 0.2669
law 0.0456 0.2086 0.0345 0.1825 0.0216 0.1456 0.0692 0.2539
German 0.1026 0.3035 0.0384 0.1922 0.0432 0.2036 0.2143 0.4106
seminar 0.5337 0.4990 0.6207 0.4854 0.0432 0.2036 0.5624 0.4964
linguistic proximity 0.0493 0.0392 0.0325 0.0361 0.0263 0.0279 0.0809 0.0230
common history 0.3805 0.4856 0.1301 0.3365 0.1727 0.3786 0.8084 0.3938
Africa 0.1478 0.3550 0.2547 0.4359 0.1259 0.3323
Asia 0.1897 0.3921 0.3009 0.4588 0.2734 0.4465
Middle East 0.0998 0.2997 0.0823 0.2749 0.4964 0.5009
female 0.4331 0.4956 0.3730 0.4838 0.2806 0.4501 0.5680 0.4956
catholic 0.7586 0.4280 0.8174 0.3865 0.2554 0.4369 0.8322 0.3739
share of catholics 43.1227 38.8084 42.5726 40.9497 12.2266 28.1999 53.6569 32.7581
Program 1 0.5238 0.4995
Program 3 0.3621 0.4807
missing women 0.2151 0.4110 0.2610 0.4393 0.6871 0.4645
time varying covariates 100,158 observations 52,009 observations 33,839 observations 14,310 observations
stock of compatriots 124948.40 365214.60 51144.28 240666.60 214152.60 530386.10 182243.80 126312.90
unemployment rate, D 3.6866 0.4020 3.6877 0.4071 3.6915 0.3874 3.6708 0.4168
avg. growth rate, H 4.2751 3.0680 4.2225 3.3298 4.5275 2.8401 3.8694 2.4865
GDP, p.c., D 24804.58 1327.30 24994.84 1246.22 24367.10 1421.32 25147.66 1098.82
GDP, p.c. H 6163.11 4083.65 5004.96 3747.30 6119.17 3781.82 10476.29 2895.11
trade volume p.c. 0.0002 0.0004 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0009 0.0008
freedom, H 8.1585 3.7426 8.3313 3.4457 9.8524 3.2169 3.5252 1.4340
economic freedom, H 5.7503 0.8477 5.8091 0.8136 5.5868 0.8558 5.9233 0.8869
female labor force 0.7484 0.1511 0.7838 0.1258 0.6359 0.1433 0.8858 0.0179
law 1993 0.1783 0.3828 0.1367 0.3436 0.2700 0.4439 0.1128 0.3163
law 1997 0.2091 0.4066 0.1968 0.3976 0.2328 0.4226 0.1975 0.3981
law 2000 0.4891 0.4999 0.5372 0.4986 0.3763 0.4845 0.5811 0.4934
law 2005 0.0769 0.2665 0.0925 0.2897 0.0461 0.2098 0.0933 0.2909
Africa Asia Latin America Middle East
mean std. dev. mean std. dev. mean std. dev. mean std. dev.
time since
the end of the study period 51.8642 41.4960 61.9256 45.8423 55.0962 42.8355 72.3275 47.6361
age
at end of study period 34.0444 6.4642 34.4957 6.7422 32.9206 5.8348 31.9877 4.7207
time spent in Germany
at end of study period 56.4056 38.6675 62.0909 41.1113 54.2627 36.1718 89.1934 48.0942
time constant covariates 360 individuals 462 individuals 491 individuals 243 individuals
trip home 0.3361 0.4730 0.3636 0.4816 0.3870 0.4876 0.3210 0.4678
agricultural sciences 0.1056 0.3077 0.0498 0.2177 0.0509 0.2201 0.0617 0.2412
technical sciences 0.0944 0.2929 0.1320 0.3389 0.0652 0.2471 0.1276 0.3343
medicine 0.1778 0.3829 0.1255 0.3317 0.1935 0.3954 0.3416 0.4752
EBP 0.1472 0.3548 0.1104 0.3137 0.0815 0.2738 0.0658 0.2485
law 0.0222 0.1476 0.0303 0.1716 0.0489 0.2158 0.0165 0.1275
German 0.0278 0.1646 0.0563 0.2307 0.0448 0.2071 0.0123 0.1107
seminar 0.5083 0.5006 0.5541 0.4976 0.5662 0.4961 0.3663 0.4828
linguistic proximity 0.0095 0.0153 0.0063 0.0204 0.0743 0.0167 0.0247 0.0205
common history 0.1833 0.3875 0.3247 0.4688
female 0.2194 0.4144 0.3528 0.4784 0.5092 0.5004 0.2634 0.4414
catholic 0.8417 0.3656 0.6753 0.4688 0.9857 0.1187 0.0617 0.2412
share of catholics 25.3139 16.3818 7.1519 20.3660 91.9939 5.5683 0.5613 0.6425
Program 1 0.9028 0.2967 0.8312 0.3750 0.9409 0.2360 0.4321 0.4964
missing women 0.0306 0.1723 0.6623 0.4734 0.8519 0.3560
time varying covariates 16,542 observations 22,392 observations 21,838 observations 25,079 observations
stock of compatriots 18214.33 22784.31 32624.54 20923.55 9182.17 7638.12 345881.20 667333.70
unemployment rate, D 3.6966 0.4045 3.6831 0.3976 3.6896 0.4022 3.6894 0.3951
avg. growth rate, H 3.3457 3.4752 6.6064 3.1905 2.9137 2.5562 4.2243 2.0477
GDP, p.c., D 25080.25 1189.65 24633.25 1378.39 24814.27 1329.83 24571.71 1407.03
GDP, p.c. H 1716.40 1345.93 6997.42 5476.17 6764.56 2622.38 5366.15 1622.25
trade volume p.c. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001
freedom, H 9.4534 2.6871 8.6434 4.0428 6.0064 1.8813 11.3895 2.0720
economic freedom, H 5.3811 0.8288 6.0390 0.5711 6.0060 0.9126 5.4147 0.7750
female labor force 0.7932 0.1571 0.8141 0.0984 0.7829 0.0724 0.5518 0.0766
law 1993 0.1262 0.3321 0.2107 0.4078 0.1738 0.3789 0.2250 0.4176
law 1997 0.1960 0.3970 0.2169 0.4121 0.2081 0.4059 0.2182 0.4130
law 2000 0.5504 0.4975 0.4480 0.4973 0.4907 0.4999 0.4314 0.4953
law 2005 0.1025 0.3033 0.0628 0.2426 0.0794 0.2704 0.0614 0.2400
Notes: Abbreviations used: D for Germany and H for home country
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