Four Essays on University Economics - KOPS - Universität Konstanz

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Return of foreign students developing and transition countries need well-educated people with up-to-date knowledge to absorb these technology spillovers. Demand for foreign graduates who acquired this kind of knowledge and who are familiar with advanced technology is therefore likely to be higher in home countries with closer trade relations with the host country. Freedom Students are less inclined to return when individual freedom is limited in the home country. Political instability might affect employment opportunities and income prospects. Restrictions of civil liberties complicate personal and professional life. Several studies re- port that highly educated people are less likely to return when civil liberties are at stake (see e.g. Bratsberg, 1995; Zweig, 2006; Güngör and Tansel, 2005 and 2007). In contrast, Dreher and Poutvara (2005) observe no significant effect. Eposto and Zaleski (1999) find that economic freedom enhances the quality of life. For graduates who earn well, who take high positions in enterprises or even start up their own enterprise, protection of property, free exchange and other aspects of economic freedom are important. Therefore, graduates from countries with more economic freedom are expected to be more likely to return. Ashby (2007) shows that within the USA migration into states with higher levels of economic freedom takes place. Equal opportunities of men and women are another aspect of freedom. Social attitudes towards women and towards female employment in particular might have a crucial impact on womens’ return decisions. Women, who have no opportunity to work or who are restricted in their individual rights for political, religious or social reasons, are expected to be less inclined to return. 3.2.2 Impact of Individual Determinants Also, on the individual level, there are various forces at play. Personal connections in the home country are contrasted with personal connections in the host country and costs of return and of stay have to be considered. In this section, we develop hypotheses concerning the impact of individual determinants on the return decision. 51
Connections in the Home Country Return of foreign students For people from developing or transition countries with unfavorable economic and political conditions, social ties and personal connections are a major reason to return. Although de Palo et al. (2006) argue that social ties are less important for highly educated people, we hypothesize that graduates with close connections to home are more likely to return. Social ties are manifold and hard to capture empirically. The most prominent ties are family ties. Many studies of return intentions find that people with families at home are more likely to return (see e.g. Baruch et al., 2007; Güngör and Tansel, 2005 and 2007). Social ties and other personal connections evolve over life-time. Students who arrive in the host country at an older age are more likely to own property and to have closer social and economic ties in the home country. Dustmann (1996) finds that these people have a higher propensity to return to their home countries. Hypothesis 1.1: Students who came to the host country at a higher age are more likely to return. During home visits, students refresh connections in the home country. Gmelch (1980) reports that many migrants make the decision to return during a vacation in their home country. Also Kapur and McHale (2005) propose that industrial countries should facilitate interaction and transaction with the home country in order to increase return rates. Hypothesis 1.2: Graduates who visited home during their study period abroad are more likely to return. Connections in the Host Country Foreign students who spend some time abroad develop social ties in their host country. They adjust to the way of living and their desire to return might weaken. The creation of social ties and adjustment in another country take some time. Güngör and Tansel (2005 and 2007) and Dustman (1996) find that the longer people stay in the host country, they are less willing to return. Hypothesis 2.1: Graduates who stayed in the host country for a longer time period are less likely to return. 52
Page 1 and 2:
Four Essay
Page 3 and 4:
Contents 3.1 Introduction . . . . .
Page 5 and 6:
List of Figures 1.1 Total economic
Page 7 and 8: List of Tables 3.6 Summary: Signifi
Page 9 and 10: Summary average quality of research
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1 How Did Economic Research
Page 13 and 14: Economic research in Switzerland fo
Page 15 and 16: Economic research in Switzerland pu
Page 17 and 18: Economic research in Switzerland Fi
Page 19 and 20: Economic research in Switzerland si
Page 21 and 22: 0,45 0,05 Economic research in Swit
Page 23 and 24: Economic research in Switzerland (2
Page 25 and 26: Wirtschaftspolitik 5 (3), 363 - 375
Page 27 and 28: 2.1 Introduction Research Productiv
Page 29 and 30: Research Productivity in Business E
Page 45 and 46: 2.7 Appendix Sample: university dat
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 3 How Can Scholarship Insti
Page 57: Return of foreign students scholars
Page 61 and 62: Return of foreign students tegrate
Page 63 and 64: to finance the first period of thei
Page 65 and 66: Return of foreign students Table 3.
Page 67 and 68: Return of foreign students return i
Page 69 and 70: children. Return of foreign student
Page 71 and 72: Return of foreign students A low pa
Page 73 and 74: Return of foreign students trading
Page 77 and 78: higher return rates might result. R
Page 79 and 80: 3.7 Appendix Return of foreign stud
Page 87 and 88: Bibliography Return of foreign stud
Page 89 and 90: Return of foreign students Park, J.
Page 91 and 92: 4.1 Einleitung Determinanten des be
Page 93 and 94: 4.3.1 Mögliche Einflussfaktoren De
Page 95 and 96: Determinanten des beruflichen Erfol
Page 101 and 102: teraktionseffekt). Determinanten de
Page 105 and 106: Frauen gibt. Determinanten des beru
Page 107 and 108: 4.5.2 Einfluss des Einkommens auf d
Page 109 and 110:
Determinanten des beruflichen Erfol
Page 111 and 112:
nimmt ihre Zufriedenheit mit ihren
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Literaturverzeichnis Determinanten
Page 119 and 120:
General Bibliography Arora, A., P.
Page 121 and 122:
General Bibliography Combes, P.-P.
Page 123 and 124:
General Bibliography Guimarães, P.
Page 125 and 126:
General Bibliography Martin, P. L.
Page 127 and 128:
General Bibliography Vieira, J. A.
Page 129 and 130:
Zusammenfassung sitäten sind jedoc
Page 131 and 132:
Zusammenfassung ligt, die ihr Studi
Page 133 and 134:
Erklärung Ich versichere hiermit,
show all

Four Essays on University Economics - KOPS - Universität Konstanz

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?