Four Essays on University Economics - KOPS - Universität Konstanz
Four Essays on University Economics - KOPS - Universität Konstanz
Four Essays on University Economics - KOPS - Universität Konstanz
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Return of foreign students<br />
Table 3.11: Results of durati<strong>on</strong> analysis for the different regi<strong>on</strong>s<br />
Africa Asia Latin America Middle East<br />
dependent variable: return return return return<br />
time since graduati<strong>on</strong> -0.1304<br />
∗∗∗<br />
-0.1516<br />
∗∗∗<br />
-0.1320<br />
∗∗∗<br />
-0.2186<br />
(0.0285) (0.0150) (0.0198) (0.0330)<br />
(time since graduati<strong>on</strong>) 2<br />
0.0017<br />
∗∗∗<br />
0.0015<br />
∗∗∗<br />
0.0020<br />
∗∗∗<br />
0.0030<br />
(0.0005) (0.0003) (0.0003) (0.0006)<br />
(time since graduati<strong>on</strong>) 3<br />
-0.00001<br />
∗∗<br />
-0.00001<br />
∗∗∗<br />
-0.00001<br />
∗∗∗<br />
-0.00001<br />
(0.0000) (0.0000) (0.0000) (0.0000)<br />
individual factors<br />
age 0.1417<br />
∗∗∗<br />
0.0864<br />
∗∗∗<br />
0.0991<br />
∗∗∗<br />
0.1390<br />
(0.0268) (0.0146) (0.0221) (0.0290)<br />
trip home 0.4938 0.2170 0.1011 0.3798<br />
time spent in D<br />
(0.3300)<br />
-0.0412<br />
∗∗∗<br />
(0.1906)<br />
-0.0287<br />
∗∗∗<br />
(0.2952)<br />
-0.0266<br />
∗∗∗<br />
(0.3685)<br />
-0.0282<br />
(0.0095) (0.0049) (0.0069) (0.0085)<br />
(time spent in D) 2<br />
0.0001<br />
∗∗<br />
0.0001<br />
∗∗∗<br />
0.0001<br />
∗<br />
0.0001<br />
agricultural sciences<br />
(0.0000)<br />
0.9198<br />
∗∗<br />
(0.0000)<br />
-0.1023<br />
(0.0000)<br />
0.5089<br />
(0.0000)<br />
0.5888<br />
(0.4631) (0.3963) (0.5597) (0.5440)<br />
technical sciences -0.9668 0.1788 -0.0623 -0.5340<br />
medicine<br />
(0.6352)<br />
0.1500<br />
(0.2659)<br />
0.1199<br />
(0.5062)<br />
0.9419<br />
∗∗∗<br />
(0.6113)<br />
-0.8148<br />
(0.3876) (0.3042) (0.3318) (0.4220)<br />
EBP -0.0265 -0.0405 0.0546 0.5814<br />
(0.4661) (0.2863) (0.4558) (0.6322)<br />
law 0.9538 -0.3543 0.3582 1.7335<br />
(0.8659) (0.5351) (0.5616) (0.8859)<br />
German 0.5444 0.4559 -0.3330 -17.9203<br />
seminar<br />
(0.7990)<br />
1.4174<br />
∗∗∗<br />
(0.3620)<br />
-0.4885<br />
∗<br />
(0.6674)<br />
-0.0603<br />
(9363.8520)<br />
1.1959<br />
(0.3857) (0.2720) (0.3271) (0.5204)<br />
cultural factors<br />
linguistic proximity 28.0996<br />
(12.3730)<br />
comm<strong>on</strong> history 0.0088<br />
(0.4307)<br />
stock of compatriots (log) 0.0240<br />
(0.1595)<br />
∗∗<br />
female 0.2817 -0.1315 -0.4302<br />
∗<br />
-0.3267<br />
catholic<br />
(0.3425)<br />
0.0938<br />
(0.1771)<br />
-0.4042<br />
∗∗<br />
(0.2495)<br />
1.1439<br />
(0.3872)<br />
-1.5897<br />
(0.5182) (0.2066) (1.0913) (0.7483)<br />
share of catholics 0.0225 -0.0014 0.0217 4.6454<br />
Program 1<br />
(0.0149)<br />
1.3794<br />
∗∗<br />
(0.0054)<br />
1.1262<br />
∗∗∗<br />
(0.0294)<br />
0.7989<br />
(2.0422)<br />
-0.7304<br />
unemployment rate, D<br />
(0.6767)<br />
-0.0979<br />
(0.3130)<br />
0.6227<br />
∗∗<br />
(0.5280)<br />
-0.6073<br />
∗∗<br />
(0.7280)<br />
0.2659<br />
(0.3377) (0.2456) (0.2799) (0.5407)<br />
avg. growth rate, H -0.0163 -0.0189 0.0712 -0.1065<br />
GDP p.c., D (log)<br />
(0.0402)<br />
-15.9735<br />
∗∗<br />
(0.0431)<br />
9.6830<br />
∗∗<br />
(0.0457)<br />
-1.9729<br />
(0.0767)<br />
20.6512<br />
GDP p.c., H (log)<br />
(8.1095)<br />
0.0245<br />
(4.9010)<br />
0.8521<br />
∗∗<br />
(5.1198)<br />
-0.6972<br />
∗<br />
(12.3912)<br />
8.0932<br />
(0.4765) (0.3975) (0.4112) (3.6139)<br />
trade volume (log) 1318.0740 -1528.7070 10521.7800 661.1554<br />
(11294.0100) (3630.2030) (9659.0700) (5498.0350)<br />
freedom, H -0.0911 -0.0382 0.0301 0.3660<br />
ec<strong>on</strong>omic freedom, H<br />
(0.0659)<br />
0.6145<br />
∗<br />
(0.0522)<br />
0.4012<br />
(0.0767)<br />
-0.2181<br />
(0.1904)<br />
0.9694<br />
missing women<br />
(0.3205)<br />
-0.9412<br />
(0.2527)<br />
-0.6595<br />
∗∗<br />
(0.1572) (0.6406)<br />
5.4529<br />
(1.6573) (0.3145) (3.1222)<br />
female labor force (log) -4.2121 3.5032 -0.9657 -32.4643<br />
law 1993<br />
(3.7241)<br />
2.1197<br />
∗∗<br />
(3.1669)<br />
0.9873<br />
∗∗∗<br />
(3.7990)<br />
0.8093<br />
∗∗<br />
(11.6957)<br />
0.6379<br />
law 1997<br />
(0.9663)<br />
2.4113<br />
∗∗<br />
(0.3614)<br />
0.7497<br />
(0.3967)<br />
0.5837<br />
(0.8528)<br />
-0.5829<br />
(1.2039) (0.5729) (0.5868) (1.4229)<br />
law 2000 2.4701 0.3151 0.2709 -2.7437<br />
(1.5581) (0.7955) (0.8012) (1.9554)<br />
law 2005 1.7337 0.0436 0.2945 -1.7712<br />
c<strong>on</strong>stant<br />
(1.7450)<br />
150.0352<br />
∗<br />
(0.9086)<br />
-115.6925<br />
∗∗<br />
(0.9664)<br />
20.2585<br />
(2.1880)<br />
-285.6269<br />
(81.3179) (49.2359) (50.6281) (131.5163)<br />
frailty yes yes yes no<br />
No. of observati<strong>on</strong>s 16,542 22,392 21,838 25,079<br />
No. of individuals 360 462 491 243<br />
Log likelihood -542.8421 -1069.788 -1051.83 -250.2437<br />
Notes:<br />
Abbreviati<strong>on</strong>s used: D for Germany and H for home country<br />
*** significant at the 1% level, ** significant at the 5% level, * significant at the 10% level<br />
standard errors in parentheses<br />
76<br />
∗∗∗<br />
∗∗∗<br />
∗∗∗<br />
∗∗∗<br />
∗∗∗<br />
∗∗<br />
∗<br />
∗∗<br />
∗∗<br />
∗∗<br />
∗∗<br />
∗<br />
∗∗<br />
∗<br />
∗<br />
∗∗∗<br />
∗∗
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