Four Essays on University Economics - KOPS - Universität Konstanz
Four Essays on University Economics - KOPS - Universität Konstanz
Four Essays on University Economics - KOPS - Universität Konstanz
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Return of foreign students<br />
Table 3.9: Results of durati<strong>on</strong> analysis for the different programs<br />
Whole Sample Program 1 Program 2 Program 3<br />
dependent variable: return return return return<br />
time since graduati<strong>on</strong> -0.1862<br />
∗∗∗<br />
-0.1469<br />
∗∗∗<br />
-0.1335<br />
∗∗∗<br />
-0.3362<br />
(0.0100) (0.0123) (0.0215) (0.0248)<br />
(time since graduati<strong>on</strong>) 2<br />
0.0025<br />
∗∗∗<br />
0.0019<br />
∗∗∗<br />
0.0015<br />
∗∗∗<br />
0.0049<br />
(0.0002) (0.0002) (0.0004) (0.0007)<br />
(time since graduati<strong>on</strong>) 3<br />
-0.00001<br />
∗∗∗<br />
-0.00001<br />
∗∗∗<br />
-0.00001<br />
∗∗∗<br />
-0.00002<br />
(0.0000) (0.0000) (0.0000) (0.0000)<br />
individual factors<br />
age 0.0492<br />
∗∗∗<br />
0.1182<br />
∗∗∗<br />
0.0088<br />
trip home<br />
(0.0057)<br />
0.3640<br />
∗∗∗<br />
(0.0115)<br />
0.2862<br />
∗<br />
(0.0046)<br />
time spent in D<br />
(0.1174)<br />
-0.0295<br />
∗∗∗<br />
(0.1577)<br />
-0.0327<br />
∗∗∗<br />
-0.0722<br />
(0.0025) (0.0042) (0.0085)<br />
(time spent in D) 2<br />
0.0001<br />
∗∗∗<br />
0.0001<br />
∗∗∗<br />
0.0004<br />
agricultural sciences<br />
(0.0000)<br />
0.3350<br />
∗<br />
(0.0000)<br />
0.4443<br />
∗<br />
(0.0001)<br />
0.6260<br />
(0.1983) (0.2682) (0.3706)<br />
technical sciences 0.0178 0.0412 0.0863<br />
medicine<br />
(0.1607)<br />
0.2479<br />
∗∗<br />
(0.2560)<br />
0.3543<br />
∗<br />
(0.1864)<br />
0.2082<br />
(0.1188) (0.1886) (0.1284)<br />
EBP 0.1238 -0.2920 0.2164<br />
(0.1442) (0.2434) (0.1521)<br />
law 0.0391 0.2622 -0.1351<br />
German<br />
(0.1900)<br />
0.2572<br />
∗<br />
(0.3630)<br />
-0.1567<br />
(0.1643)<br />
0.0739<br />
seminar<br />
(0.1382)<br />
-0.1034<br />
(0.3678)<br />
0.3257<br />
∗<br />
(0.1092)<br />
-0.0941<br />
(0.0991) (0.1838) (0.0880)<br />
cultural factors<br />
linguistic proximity -5.7790<br />
∗∗<br />
-4.2542 3.2938 -1.4322<br />
comm<strong>on</strong> history<br />
(2.3180)<br />
0.2232<br />
(4.2237)<br />
0.2086<br />
(9.8577)<br />
3.3561<br />
∗∗∗<br />
(2.6938)<br />
Africa<br />
(0.1467)<br />
-0.6815<br />
∗∗<br />
(0.2768)<br />
-0.8018<br />
(1.0492)<br />
-3.1961<br />
(0.3191) (0.6086) (2.6175)<br />
Asia 0.0744 0.2329 -1.5995<br />
Middle East<br />
(0.3069)<br />
-1.0285<br />
∗∗∗<br />
(0.6079)<br />
-1.1444<br />
(2.7556)<br />
-2.2820<br />
(0.3696) (0.7114) (2.5724)<br />
stock of compatriots (log) -0.0368 -0.1040 0.1055<br />
(0.0399) (0.0783) (0.1662)<br />
female -0.1736<br />
∗∗<br />
-0.1073 -0.2068 -0.1835<br />
(0.0861) (0.1478) (0.2685) (0.0860)<br />
catholic -0.0086 -0.1660 -0.4122 0.1636<br />
share of catholics<br />
(0.1348)<br />
-0.0045<br />
∗∗<br />
(0.2257)<br />
-0.0053<br />
(0.3457)<br />
-0.0048<br />
(0.1484)<br />
-0.0032<br />
Program 1<br />
(0.0023)<br />
0.9802<br />
∗∗∗<br />
(0.0056) (0.0270) (0.0021)<br />
(0.1996)<br />
Program 3 1.3863<br />
(0.3459)<br />
∗∗∗<br />
unemployment rate, D 0.1296 -0.0269 1.5274<br />
∗∗∗<br />
0.2369<br />
(0.1007) (0.1590) (0.5356) (0.1098)<br />
avg. growth rate, H -0.0002 0.0171 0.0124 -0.0211<br />
(0.0133) (0.0226) (0.0498) (0.0145)<br />
GDP p.c., D (log) -0.6365 -1.2275 11.9836 -5.7636<br />
GDP p.c., H (log)<br />
(2.3181)<br />
0.3442<br />
∗∗∗<br />
(3.4185)<br />
0.1523<br />
(7.7356)<br />
-0.1191<br />
(3.2418)<br />
0.0120<br />
trade volume (log)<br />
(0.1284)<br />
-331.0080<br />
∗∗<br />
(0.2148)<br />
3026.2490<br />
(0.5162)<br />
3278.7360<br />
(0.3223)<br />
-271.4659<br />
freedom, H<br />
(133.2179)<br />
-0.0511<br />
∗∗<br />
(1911.8450)<br />
-0.0629<br />
∗∗<br />
(4079.1920)<br />
0.1846<br />
∗∗<br />
(144.1561)<br />
0.0496<br />
(0.0204) (0.0305) (0.0869) (0.0379)<br />
ec<strong>on</strong>omic freedom, H -0.0416 -0.0692 -0.1872 0.2289<br />
missing women<br />
(0.0734)<br />
-0.5293<br />
∗∗∗<br />
(0.1055)<br />
-0.8538<br />
∗∗∗<br />
(0.2480)<br />
-1.7848<br />
∗∗∗<br />
(0.1083)<br />
(0.1941) (0.2699) (0.6714)<br />
female labor force (log) 0.4533 0.2159 0.5563 -3.5819<br />
law 1993<br />
(0.9924)<br />
1.1878<br />
∗∗∗<br />
(1.3269)<br />
0.7359<br />
∗∗∗<br />
(3.4657)<br />
0.5309<br />
(4.8073)<br />
2.3156<br />
law 1997<br />
(0.1983)<br />
1.2047<br />
∗∗∗<br />
(0.2765)<br />
0.7193<br />
∗<br />
(0.4712)<br />
0.1660<br />
(0.4847)<br />
2.5597<br />
law 2000<br />
(0.2803)<br />
1.1244<br />
∗∗∗<br />
(0.4024)<br />
0.6147<br />
(0.8005)<br />
0.2441<br />
(0.5356)<br />
2.8418<br />
law 2005<br />
(0.3861)<br />
0.8029<br />
∗<br />
(0.5592)<br />
0.4371<br />
(1.2464)<br />
0.4633<br />
(0.6395)<br />
2.2018<br />
c<strong>on</strong>stant<br />
(0.4575)<br />
-0.0209<br />
(0.6473)<br />
7.7602<br />
(1.4554)<br />
-129.3433<br />
∗<br />
(0.7400)<br />
56.0950<br />
(23.0835) (34.0632) (77.3709) (31.7277)<br />
frailty yes yes no no<br />
No. of observati<strong>on</strong>s 100,158 52,009 33,839 14,310<br />
No. of individuals 2,436 1,276 278 882<br />
Log likelihood -4508.295 -2499.554 -495.9266 -1354.5618<br />
Notes:<br />
Abbreviati<strong>on</strong>s used: D for Germany and H for home country<br />
*** significant at the 1% level, ** significant at the 5% level, * significant at the 10% level<br />
standard errors in parentheses<br />
74<br />
∗∗∗<br />
∗∗∗<br />
∗∗∗<br />
∗<br />
∗∗∗<br />
∗∗∗<br />
∗<br />
∗∗<br />
∗∗<br />
∗<br />
∗<br />
∗∗<br />
∗∗∗<br />
∗∗∗<br />
∗∗∗<br />
∗∗∗<br />
∗
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