Four Essays on University Economics - KOPS - Universität Konstanz

Return of foreign students
Table 3.10: Results of duration analysis: Differences between sexes
Men Women Model with interaction effects
dependent variable: return return return
interaction terms
time since graduation -0.1570
∗∗∗
-0.2446
∗∗∗
-0.1648
∗∗∗
-0.0529
(0.0119) (0.0170) (0.0117) (0.0177)
(time since graduation) 2
0.0020
∗∗∗
0.0033
∗∗∗
0.0021
∗∗∗
0.0008
(0.0002) (0.0003) (0.0002) (0.0003)
(time since graduation) 3
-0.00001
∗∗∗
-0.00001
∗∗∗
-0.00001
∗∗∗
-0.000003
(0.0000) (0.0000) (0.0000) (0.0000)
individual factors
age 0.0559
∗∗∗
0.0377
∗∗∗
0.0531
∗∗∗
-0.0108
trip home
(0.0077)
0.5092
∗∗∗
(0.0078)
0.2020
(0.0074)
0.4924
∗∗∗
(0.0114)
-0.2733
time spent in D
(0.1573)
-0.0306
∗∗∗
(0.1677)
-0.0264
∗∗∗
(0.1510)
-0.0299
∗∗∗
(0.2412)
0.0017
(0.0033) (0.0037) (0.0032) (0.0052)
(time spent in D) 2
0.0001
∗∗∗
0.0001
∗∗∗
0.0001
∗∗∗
0.0000
(0.0000) (0.0000) (0.0000) (0.0000)
agricultural sciences 0.2816 0.4438 0.2667 0.2270
technical sciences
(0.2585)
-0.2570
(0.2910)
0.7400
∗∗∗
(0.2481)
-0.2390
(0.4144)
1.0894
medicine
(0.1986)
0.4122
∗∗∗
(0.2801)
-0.0623
(0.1902)
0.4001
∗∗∗
(0.3736)
-0.4689
(0.1565) (0.1740) (0.1496) (0.2476)
EBP 0.1685 0.0425 0.1691 -0.1347
(0.1982) (0.1954) (0.1897) (0.2918)
law 0.0874 -0.0083 0.0709 -0.0811
German
(0.2723)
0.4217
(0.2428)
0.1315
(0.2608)
0.4095
∗
(0.3796)
-0.2570
(0.2612) (0.1486) (0.2493) (0.3019)
seminar 0.0307 -0.2039 0.0279 -0.2584
(0.1449) (0.1246) (0.1386) (0.1986)
cultural factors
linguistic proximity -7.4375
∗∗
-3.4765 -7.2961
∗∗
3.5575
common history
(3.3783)
0.4432
∗∗
(3.0070)
-0.0923
(3.2385)
0.4332
∗∗
(4.6917)
-0.5339
Africa
(0.2011)
-1.1530
∗∗
(0.2002)
0.0036
(0.1921)
-1.1268
∗∗∗
(0.2985)
1.1174
(0.4577) (0.4382) (0.4379) (0.6585)
Asia -0.3912 0.5625 -0.3857 1.0021
Middle East
(0.4488)
-1.3420
∗∗∗
(0.3979)
-0.6682
(0.4286)
-1.3070
∗∗∗
(0.6224)
0.5675
(0.4998) (0.5571) (0.4788) (0.7830)
stock of compatriots (log) -0.0932 0.0211 -0.0878 0.1122
(0.0576) (0.0520) (0.0551) (0.0808)
catholic -0.0909 0.0761 -0.0890 0.1563
share of catholics
(0.1818)
-0.0068
∗∗
(0.1919)
-0.0026
(0.1739)
-0.0066
∗∗
(0.2793)
0.0038
Program 1
(0.0035)
0.9217
∗∗∗
(0.0028)
1.0491
∗∗∗
(0.0033)
0.8764
∗∗∗
(0.0046)
0.3191
Program 3
(0.2528)
1.1266
∗∗
(0.3181)
1.6377
∗∗∗
(0.2430)
1.0601
∗∗
(0.4238)
0.8022
(0.4832) (0.4853) (0.4632) (0.7098)
unemployment rate, D 0.0733 0.1192 0.0755 0.0572
(0.1394) (0.1369) (0.1353) (0.2029)
avg. growth rate, H -0.0052 0.0108 -0.0047 0.0133
(0.0177) (0.0192) (0.0171) (0.0273)
GDP p.c., D (log) -0.8847 -1.2951 -1.0324 0.2128
GDP p.c., H (log)
(2.9894)
0.4250
∗∗
(3.5445)
0.2847
(2.9089)
0.4032
∗∗
(4.8343)
-0.1079
trade volume (log)
(0.1732)
-589.9496
∗∗∗
(0.1870)
-105.7496
(0.1661)
-569.0967
∗∗∗
(0.2664)
459.6040
freedom, H
(218.5391)
-0.0555
∗∗
(155.7078)
-0.0509
(209.1877)
-0.0545
∗∗
(273.5324)
-0.0032
economic freedom, H
(0.0261)
-0.0106
(0.0326)
-0.0792
(0.0251)
-0.0086
∗∗
(0.0441)
-0.0852
missing women
(0.1026)
-0.5869
∗∗
(0.1012)
-0.5099
∗
(0.0990)
-0.5620
(0.1491)
0.0139
(0.2481) (0.3027) (0.2377) (0.4153)
female labor force (log) 1.4004 -0.9378 1.3599 -2.4333
law 1993
(1.2424)
1.1352
∗∗∗
(1.6178)
1.3128
∗∗∗
(1.1941)
1.1387
∗∗∗
(2.1744)
0.1460
law 1997
(0.2481)
1.2472
∗∗∗
(0.3299)
1.2106
∗∗∗
(0.2428)
1.2647
∗∗∗
(0.4237)
-0.0979
law 2000
(0.3607)
1.0979
∗∗
(0.4405)
1.2537
∗∗
(0.3526)
1.1224
∗∗
(0.5852)
0.0533
(0.4982) (0.5962) (0.4870) (0.8012)
law 2005 0.8387 0.7960 0.8556 -0.1530
(0.5934) (0.6998) (0.5807) (0.9461)
constant 2.0496 7.3934 3.7859 -1.4390
(29.7716) (35.2435) (28.9658) (48.0924)
frailty yes yes yes
No. of observations 62,658 37,500 100,158
No. of individuals 1,381 1,055 2,436
Log likelihood -2580.0684 -1898.5500 -4480.7700
Notes:
Abbreviations used: D for Germany and H for home country
*** significant at the 1% level, ** significant at the 5% level, * significant at the 10% level
standard errors in parentheses
75
∗∗∗
∗∗
∗∗
∗∗∗
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