IJUP08 - Universidade do Porto

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Form and Structure on Eduardo Souto de Moura’s architecture B. Moreira 1 , C. Machado 2 1 Faculty of Architecture, University of Porto, Portugal. 2 Faculty of Architecture, University of Porto, Portugal. Regarding the subject “Form and Structure” we propose a study of Souto de Moura’s work through eight topics of architecture organized in a contradictory manner – by pairs – in order to create the necessary tensions and bring back the answers. Four chapters were born. The essay was not only the result of a theoretical investigation/discussion but also of a direct experimentation of some of the architect’s spaces. His practice and theory was then confronted with his own references (written and designed or built). Chapter 1 – Fragment and Unity – allowed us the possibility of showing how The Stijl’s influence was particularly evident in Souto de Moura’s early work: fragments of planes, textures and materials subsequently unified by means of an open space; but Aldo Rossi’s The Architecture of the City was also explored as well as Souto de Moura's vision, learned with Rossi, of the city as a sum of fragments and as an impossible unity. In Chapter 2 – Mass and Skeleton – we focused two distinct building systems explaining Souto de Moura’s affection for reinforced concrete structures; solid concrete walls and slabs relate to The Stijl’s architecture, but also to Northern Portugal’s building tradition of stone walls. The theme of the ruin, as memory and fragment, is also treated in this context. These mass structures are often complemented by a single metallic or concrete column, bringing together Souto de Moura and Álvaro Siza’s work; this chapter also deals with the problem of the building’s skin (and its misuse) related to Le Corbusier’s “Dom-Ino”. Chapter 3 – Evidence and Dissimulation – pretends to show how these topics are the architect’s everyday work – from the global plan to the detail. For Souto de Moura the details must have a minimum expression; complex building systems are therefore dissimulated, resulting in simple (not simplistic) forms, relating his work to Judd’s concept of “minimum”. The building itself may also have a minimum expression on its surroundings, being dissimulated as well, but the opposite can also be true: a building as a landmark. Evidence and Dissimulation also brings us the concept of truth – and a relation (by opposition) between Mies and Souto de Moura becomes evident. Finally, Chapter 4 – Artifact and Nature – confronts the building with its site. For Souto de Moura, the creation of architecture (a manmade Artifact) is the (re)creation of Nature in a way that one can’t be without the other. The theme of the ruin is very important as an evidence of a possible hybrid state between Artifact and Nature. In his first work, the ruin in the Gerês was neither created nor altered – it looks like it was stopped in time. Souto de Moura uses the ruin not only as a building material (reusing remains of old constructions for new purposes, as a fragment and as a memory) but also as a means of justifying the new Artifact (designing ruins when they are not present, as a false or invented fragment of memory). All these tensions lead us to a main conclusion: contradiction in Souto de Moura’s architecture appears not as a goal but as a result of the increasingly complexity of the architectural processes. 113
Possible correlation between morbid obesity and inflammation: a peripheral leukocyte study A. Meneses 1* , I. Maio 1* , D. Pestana 1 , P. Freitas 2 , R. Monteiro 1 , I. Azevedo 1 , C. Calhau 1 , R. Soares 1 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal. 2 Department of Endocrinology, S. João Hospital * The two authors contributed equally to the present study Obesity has emerged as a major public health problem in the western world. Recently, more than an inactive bystander, adipose tissue is actually a dynamic and metabolically active one, since it releases a huge number of inflammatory cytokines [1,2]. Large size adipocytes mainly in visceral adipose tissue are prone to rupture, therefore evoking an inflammatory reaction [3]. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB), a transcription factor, is a primary event in inflammation. NF-kappaB is a crucial molecule regulating the expression and function of a wide spectrum of inflammatory genes [2]. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a membranebound enzyme playing a role in lipids transport and storage, two processes occuring in adipose tissue [4]. In addition, ALP was reported to be associated with inflammation [5]. The purpose of our work was to examine the presence and activity of NFkappaB and ALP isoforms in peripheral leukocytes in morbid obese patients. Blood samples were collected from 50 obese patients and 20 volunteers age- and sexmatched. Proteins were isolated from peripheral leukocytes by the TriPure method. ELISA assays were performed for NF-kappaB activity and intestinal and tissue-nonspecific isoforms of alkaline phosphatase (I-ALP and TNS-ALP) expression. Clinical data, such as weight, height, diet and BMI, were obtained and crossed with lab findings. Two subgroups of patients were identified: the first presenting NFkappaB activity mean values identical to controls and another exhibiting significantly higher NFkappaB activity. I-ALP and TNS-ALP isoforms expression were also increased in the subgroup presenting higher NFkappaB activity. In conclusion, two distinct groups of obese patients were identified according to the presence of inflammatory markers. Clinical parameters of these patients are now being evaluated in order to investigate the causes behind these distinct inflammatory profiles. References: [1] Charo IF, Ransohoff RM (2006) The many roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in inflammation. N Engl J Med 354:610-621. [2] Stienstra R, Duval C, M 252 Ller M, Kersten S (2006) PPARs, Obesity, and Inflammation. PPAR Res 23;2007:95974. [3] Rosario Monteiro, Paulo M. S. T. de Castro, Conceição Calhau, Isabel Azevedo (2006) Adipocyte size and liability to cell death. Obes Surg 16(6):804-806. [4] Ali AT, Penny CB, Paiker JE, Psaras G, Ikram F, Crowther NJ (2006) The relationship between alkaline phosphatase activity and intracellular lipid accumulation in murine 3T3-L1 cells and human preadipocytes. Anal Biochem 15;354(2):247-54. [5] Shanmugham LN, Petrarca C, Castellani ML, Symeonidou I, Frydas S, Vecchiet J, Falasca K, Tete S, Conti P, Salini V (2007) IL-1beta induces alkaline phosphatase in human phagocytes. Arch Med Res 38(1):39-44. 114
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IJUP08 First Meeting of Young Resea
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Adrián Silva Dinis Cayolla Ribeiro
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PERMEABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF HIG
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IJUP08 - Universidade do Porto

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