community-based disaster risk management and the media media kit

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34 MEDIA KIT Accountability. Mistakes must be admitted and corrected promptly. Test the accuracy of information from all sources and exercise care to avoid inadvertent error. Deliberate distortion of news stories is not permissible. Media professionals must clarify and explain the news or reports and invite dialogue with the public, as well as encourage them to voice grievances or submit their opinion. Application of Ethical Practices to Disaster/Crisis Reporting Reporting a disaster raises a number of unusual dilemmas for the media professional. These issues include whether to become a participant, to provide help for those affl icted, or to remain in the usual role of an observer. Other issues that require ethical considerations are on reporting death, intrusion with victim’s and survivor’s grief, interviews on survivors particularly on children, the extent of coverage of an emotionally-fraught situation especially in photo opportunities when the subjects are not fully aware of its purpose or their rights. Another issue is the confl ict between the priorities of emergency and response, medical, relief, or government agencies and those of the media during a disaster. Another emerging issue is the effect of reporting disasters to media professionals. “Compassion fatigue” is a secondary traumatic stress experienced by media professionals and journalists who report on disasters, emergencies and crisis. Media organizations have an ethical responsibility to support their members in such cases. The BBC is one news organization that requires its media staff to undergo a “Hostile Environment and First Aid Training” course before covering wars or natural disasters. This provides training in, among other things, posttraumatic stress disorder. It is important that media professionals acknowledge and respect the privacy of those affected by disaster. This includes protection against additional distress caused by intrusion or the use of graphic or explicit images and language. Caution must be exercised against intrusion into personal grief and distress. Interviews or inquiries must be carried out with sympathy and discretion and publication must be handled sensitively at all times. Report reality as objectively as possible but disaster reporting should also be as balanced as possible to avoid
chapter 2. media and disaster risk management causing distress and anxiety. The use of appropriate language is essential. Coverage of disasters should be done with compassion and empathy, not adding to the distress of survivors, relatives and victims. People already in distress must not be put under pressure. Ethical practices must be adhered to, no matter what the circumstances may be. Following are some practical guidelines in ethical disaster reporting: • Show compassion for those who may be affected adversely by news coverage. Use special sensitivity when dealing with children and those grieving. The Dart Center for Journalism and Trauma in the US has guidelines on this point: “Children are more vulnerable to trauma because of their size, age and dependence. Prior trauma, past mental health problems or a family history of such problems may increase a child’s risk. Traumatized children may want to tell their story, but it may not be in their best interests to be interviewed, and in some circumstances it can exacerbate their exposure to trauma.” • Be sensitive when seeking or using interviews or photographs of those affected by tragedy or grief, as it may elicit traumatic memories and anxiety. • Recognize that gathering and reporting information may cause harm or discomfort. Pursuit of the news is not a license for arrogance. • Respect the work of emergency workers, relief and rescue squads, public safety agencies or other authorities especially during the immediate onset of disaster. Do not press for information that may not be cleared for offi cial release yet. • Avoid reporting that may instill fear and panic. Ensure that stories presented will not offend public taste. • Be open and allow survivors to access the media to fi nd lost relatives or to make public service announcements. • Do not expose media crew or the public to danger (in cases of disaster) just to get a story. 35
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Page 15 and 16: introduction introduction Every now
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chapter 6. resources Landslides - N
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